Dietary Factors in Eye Disease

这项建议的主要目的是对女性和男性的老年性黄斑病变(ARM)和白内障的饮食预测因素进行分析。建议的分析将使用妇女健康研究(WHS)和医生健康研究I(PHS I)中收集的详细营养、行为和血液数据，这两项大型随机试验旨在预防心血管疾病和癌症。基于血液的血脂数据已经被测量，超过27,000名WHS参与者可以获得这些数据，他们提供了基线的血液样本。这项拟议工作的一个目标将是评估不同类型脂肪(总、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率)的饮食和血浆水平与女性上肢和白内障风险的关系，并评估是否有任何可能的关联独立于体重。还将进行分析，以确定鱼的摄入量，特别是omega-3脂肪酸的摄入量是否与女性、男性和合并人群ARM风险的降低有关。最近被证明可以预测心血管疾病、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病的饮食的其他更具全球性的方面，也将被评估与眼病有关。这项拟议的工作包括调查总血糖负荷是否与女性患白内障的风险有关，以及饮食模式--评估食物和营养素的摄入方式--是否与女性患ARM和白内障的风险有关。WHS和PHS I因其庞大的尺寸、预期的设计以及详细和可靠的暴露和结果信息而独一无二。因此，建议的分析是一个非常经济高效的机会，可以直接比较几个潜在的可改变的危险因素对女性和男性ARM和白内障的预测能力。

The major aim of this proposal is to conduct analyses of dietary predictors of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and cataract in women and men. The analyses proposed will use detailed nutritional, behavioral, and blood-based data collected in the Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study I (PHS I), two large randomized trials in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Blood-based lipid data have already been measured, and are available for more than 27,000 WHS participants who provided blood specimens at baseline. One goal of this proposed work will be to evaluate the associations of dietary and plasma levels of different types of fat (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio) with risks of ARM and cataract in women, and to assess whether any possible associations are independent of body weight. Analyses will also be conducted to determine whether intake of fish, and specifically omega-3 fatty acids, is associated with decreased risks of ARM in women, in men, and in the combined populations. Other more global aspects of diet recently shown to predict cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, will also be evaluated in relation to eye disease. The proposed work includes an investigation of whether total glycemic load is associated with risks of cataract in women, and whether dietary pattern, the evaluation of how foods and nutrients are consumed in combination, is associated with risks of ARM and cataract in women. The WHS and PHS I are unique for their large size, prospective design, and detailed and reliable exposure and outcome information. Thus, the proposed analyses represent an extremely cost-effective opportunity to compare directly the predictive ability of several potentially modifiable risk factors for ARM and cataract in women and men.