Dietary Factors in Eye Disease

该提案的主要目的是对男女年龄相关性黄斑病变（ARM）和白内障的饮食预测因素进行分析。拟议的分析将使用妇女健康研究（WHS）和医生健康研究I（PHS I）中收集的详细营养，行为和血液数据，这两项大型随机试验旨在预防心血管疾病和癌症。基于血液的血脂数据已经被测量，并且可用于超过27，000名在基线时提供血液样本的WHS参与者。这项拟议工作的一个目标是评估不同类型脂肪（总胆固醇、LDL和HDL胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆固醇/HDL胆固醇比）的饮食和血浆水平与女性ARM和白内障风险的相关性，并评估任何可能的相关性是否与体重无关。还将进行分析，以确定摄入鱼类，特别是ω-3脂肪酸，是否与女性，男性和合并人群中ARM风险降低有关。最近显示的其他更全球性的饮食方面预测心血管疾病，糖尿病和其他慢性疾病，也将评估与眼科疾病的关系。拟议的工作包括调查总血糖负荷是否与女性患白内障的风险相关，以及饮食模式（对食物和营养素组合摄入方式的评估）是否与女性患ARM和白内障的风险相关。WHS和PHS I因其大尺寸、前瞻性设计以及详细可靠的暴露和结局信息而独一无二。因此，拟议的分析代表了一个极具成本效益的机会，直接比较几个潜在的可改变的风险因素的预测能力，为ARM和白内障的妇女和男子。

The major aim of this proposal is to conduct analyses of dietary predictors of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and cataract in women and men. The analyses proposed will use detailed nutritional, behavioral, and blood-based data collected in the Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study I (PHS I), two large randomized trials in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Blood-based lipid data have already been measured, and are available for more than 27,000 WHS participants who provided blood specimens at baseline. One goal of this proposed work will be to evaluate the associations of dietary and plasma levels of different types of fat (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio) with risks of ARM and cataract in women, and to assess whether any possible associations are independent of body weight. Analyses will also be conducted to determine whether intake of fish, and specifically omega-3 fatty acids, is associated with decreased risks of ARM in women, in men, and in the combined populations. Other more global aspects of diet recently shown to predict cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, will also be evaluated in relation to eye disease. The proposed work includes an investigation of whether total glycemic load is associated with risks of cataract in women, and whether dietary pattern, the evaluation of how foods and nutrients are consumed in combination, is associated with risks of ARM and cataract in women. The WHS and PHS I are unique for their large size, prospective design, and detailed and reliable exposure and outcome information. Thus, the proposed analyses represent an extremely cost-effective opportunity to compare directly the predictive ability of several potentially modifiable risk factors for ARM and cataract in women and men.