Understanding insecticide detoxification in key hoverfly pollinator guilds. (Ref: 4287)

了解主要食蚜蝇传粉者协会的杀虫剂解毒。

• 批准号: 2775847
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2775847
• 关键词: Understanding; insecticide; detoxification; key; hoverfly

Chemical insecticides have been used to control insect pests for many decades and remain essential to ensure a supply of affordable food and as part of disease vector control for the foreseeable future.A key requirement for the development of insecticides is that they are pest specific and not harmful to the main pollinator species which play an essential role in ensuring production of seeds in a remarkable range of flowering plants. Recent research on three managed bee species has demonstrated that specific enzymes can also be critically important in determining the sensitivity of bees to insecticides. Specifically, cytochrome P450 enzymes belonging to the CYP9Q and CYP9BU subfamilies have been shown to provide protection to certain insecticides from three different classes including N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoids. This leads to an important question - is the presence of insecticide-degrading P450s universal to all pollinator species, and if not, what are the implications for insecticide sensitivity in species that lack these enzymes? Hoverflies are an important family of pollinators known to visit over half of globally important food crops worth a combined US$300 million to the global economy each year. In addition, they provide ecosystem services not found in bees, related to their aphidophagous or saprophagous larval stages. These stages expose these guilds to unique selective pressures on enzymes to detoxify chemicals found in these environments. This studentship aims to develop a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of how insecticides interact with the aphidophagous marmalade hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus and the saprophagous dronefly Eristalis tenax. Such understanding will allow the molecular basis of differential selectivity within different chemical classes of commercial insecticides to be elucidated and so facilitate the rational design of novel pollinator-safe compounds. Furthermore, such information will help to develop molecular tools to classify, optimise and improve early candidate selection as well as the synthesis of pest selective compounds. The student will be trained in a variety of state-of-the-art approaches that are highly sought-after by employers in academia and industry including molecular approaches and bioinformatics.The student will be based in a thriving research environment comprising multiple PhD students and post-doctoral researchers and will also benefit from exposure to industry through the Bayer link/placement.

几十年来，化学杀虫剂一直被用于控制害虫，并且在可预见的未来仍然是确保可负担的食物供应和病媒控制的一部分。杀虫剂开发的关键要求是它们是害虫特异性的，并且对主要传粉者物种无害，这些传粉者物种在确保显着范围的显花植物的种子生产中起着至关重要的作用。最近对三种管理蜜蜂的研究表明，特定的酶在确定蜜蜂对杀虫剂的敏感性方面也至关重要。具体而言，属于CYP 9 Q和CYP 9 BU亚家族的细胞色素P450酶已显示对三种不同类别的某些杀虫剂提供保护，包括N-氰基脒类烟碱。这就引出了一个重要的问题--降解P450的酶是否普遍存在于所有的传粉昆虫物种中，如果不是，那么缺乏这些酶的物种对杀虫剂的敏感性有什么影响？蜻蜓是一种重要的传粉者，每年访问全球一半以上的重要粮食作物，为全球经济带来3亿美元的总价值。此外，它们还提供蜜蜂所不具备的生态系统服务，这些服务与蜜蜂的食蚜或食腐幼虫阶段有关。这些阶段使这些行业协会面临独特的选择性压力，酶可以对这些环境中发现的化学物质进行解毒。这个学生的目的是发展一个详细的分子和生物化学的了解杀虫剂如何相互作用的蚜虫果酱hoverfly的Episyrphus balteatus和腐食dronophagus Eristalis tenax。这样的理解将允许不同化学类别的商业杀虫剂内的差异选择性的分子基础被阐明，从而促进新的传粉者安全的化合物的合理设计。此外，这些信息将有助于开发分子工具来分类、优化和改进早期候选选择以及害虫选择性化合物的合成。该学生将接受各种最先进的方法的培训，这些方法受到学术界和工业界雇主的高度追捧，包括分子方法和生物信息学。该学生将在一个由多名博士生和博士后研究人员组成的蓬勃发展的研究环境中工作，并将通过拜耳链接/实习机会接触工业界。