Defining virtual reality driving in TBI

描述(由申请人提供)：使用虚拟现实(VR)模拟是一种很有前途的、相对较新的方法，用于评估有神经损害的人的驾驶能力。VR模拟允许以一种安全但具有挑战性的方式呈现可用于客观评估驾驶能力的交互式、“真实世界”驾驶场景；临床医生也可以在经济上使用许多系统。一些康复方面的研究已经开始证明这项技术的潜在用途。虽然驾驶模拟是康复医学领域的新事物，但在交通文献中，驾驶模拟的研究历史并不算长，主要集中在逼真度、有效性以及用于培训、技术和碰撞避免研究的先进驾驶模拟器的开发。虽然这两个领域的研究目标不同，但这篇文献的发现对VR驾驶模拟的康复应用有很大的帮助。例如，临床虚拟现实驾驶模拟器主要依赖于驾驶性能的基本测量，而不是结合交通文献提供的经验证据。这项研究的总体目标是使用多学科方法将这两个领域的研究结果结合起来，开发一种虚拟现实驾驶模拟器，以生成既具有临床相关性又基于经验的测量方法。为了实现这一目标，拟议的项目结合了交通和临床专业知识，收集了以前工作的知识，为拟议的研究确定新的VR驾驶性能衡量标准。拟议的工作包括1)开发阶段，用于虚拟现实驾驶模拟器和仪表化车辆的最终编程和开发；2)研究阶段，通过比较虚拟现实驾驶模拟器和仪表化车辆在道路上的驾驶性能来验证虚拟现实驾驶性能衡量标准。此外，这项研究还将检验VR驾驶措施区分有脑损伤和无脑损伤个体的驾驶表现的能力。这些目标将通过测试创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者和匹配的健康对照组来实现。所有参与者都将接受VR模拟和道路驾驶课程，其中包括基线条件(标准的、未中断的)条件和实验条件(进行常见活动时驾驶，即使用手机)。其次，所有参与者都将接受VR挑战活动，参与者将暴露在两种危险驾驶场景中。计划对模拟测量与道路测量的一致性进行分析，并对群体和个人层面的驾驶性能进行比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of virtual reality (VR) simulation is a promising and relatively recent approach for evaluating driving capacity among persons with neurological compromise. VR simulation allows the presentation of interactive, "real world" driving scenarios that can be used to objectively assess driving capacity, in a safe but challenging manner; many systems are also financially accessible to clinicians. A handful of studies in rehabilitation, have begun to demonstrate the potential utility of this technology. Although new to the field of rehabilitation medicine, driving simulation has a moderate history of research in the transportation literature, which has focused on issues of fidelity, validity and in the development of advanced driving simulators for training, technology and crash avoidance research. Although both lines of research differ in their objectives, the findings from this literature have much to offer the rehabilitation application of VR driving simulation. For example, clinical VR driving simulators have predominantly relied on basic measures of driving performance that do not integrate the empirical evidence offered from the transportation literature. The overarching goal of this study is to use a multidisciplinary approach to combine findings from these two fields to develop a VR driving simulator that generates measures that are both clinically relevant and empirically based. To achieve this, the proposed project brings together both transportation and clinical expertise, which has compiled knowledge from previous work to identify new VR driving performance measures for the proposed study. The proposed work includes 1) Development Phase, for final programming and development of the VR driving simulator and the instrumented vehicle and 2) Research Phase, to validate the VR driving performance measures by comparing performance to on-road driving with an instrumented vehicle. Additionally, the study will examine the ability of the VR driving measures to discriminate driving performance of individuals with and without brain injury. These objectives will be achieved by testing individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and matched healthy controls. All participants will receive a VR simulation and on-road driving session, which will include a baseline condition (standard, non-interrupted) condition and an experimental (driving while performing common activities, i.e. using a cell phone) condition. Second, all participants will be administered a VR challenge drive, where participants will be exposed to two hazardous driving scenarios. Analysis of concordance between measures of simulated and on- road, and to comparison of driving performance at both the group and individual level are planned.