Who is the Subject of Intersectionality? Intersectional Feminism and Structuralist Philosophies of the Subject

这个博士项目的目的是为支撑“交叉性”概念的主观性和经验的想法提供哲学基础，同时反映出交叉女权主义在哲学基础上的批评。1989年，法律学者kimberl<s:1> Crenshaw创造了“交叉性”一词，指的是为了理解有色人种女性所经历的特殊形式的压迫，我们不能单独理解性别和种族压迫，但必须努力理解它们是如何交叉的。通过主体的结构主义哲学来调查交叉女权主义的传统，将使我能够阐明主导交叉女权主义领域的两种观点之间的紧张关系：一种观点是，被压迫的人在理解他们自己的压迫时具有认知优势，另一种观点是，压迫是由无形的权力结构复制的，这些权力结构在他们影响和支配的主体背后以扩散的方式运作。该研究探讨了在交叉分析中存在双重主体的观点：虽然支撑权力结构分析的主体是被征服的，并且与其生活经验处于不透明的关系中，但支撑立场理论的主体是主权的，并且与其生活经验处于透明的关系中。要研究的问题是如何将这两种主体性的描述结合起来，以实现一种强有力的压迫理论，这种理论认识到种族、资本主义和父权压迫秩序再现自身的方式中必要的不透明性，但不会因此剥夺其“主体”的能动性。通过将这一主题的哲学与其他学科中发展起来的关于交叉性的论述相比较，本研究进一步试图将理解西方哲学中压迫主题的理论框架问题化。

The aim of this PhD project is to provide a philosophical grounding for the ideas about subjectivity and experience underpinning the concept of 'intersectionality' whilst simultaneously reflecting the criticism from intersectional feminism back on that philosophical grounding.Coined by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, the term 'intersectionality' refers to the idea that in order to grasp the particular form of oppression experienced by women of colour we cannot understand gender and race oppression separately but must try and understand how they intersect. Investigating the tradition of intersectional feminism via structuralist philosophies of the subject, will allow me to throw light on a tension between two ideas dominating the field of intersectional feminism: the idea that oppressed people have an epistemic advantage when it comes to understanding their own oppression and the idea that oppression is reproduced by invisible power structures that operate in diffuse ways behind the backs of the subjects they affect and dominate.The study explores the idea that there is a dual subject at stake in intersectional analysis: whilst the subject underpinning structural analyses of power is subjugated and stands in an opaque relation to its lived experience, the subject underpinning standpoint theories is sovereign and stands in a transparent relation to its lived experience. The problem to be investigated is how these two accounts of subjectivity can be thought together, in order to realize a robust theory of oppression that recognizes a necessary opacity in the way in which the racial, capitalist and patriarchal order of oppression reproduces itself but without thereby depriving its 'subjects' of agency.By confronting the philosophies of the subject with the discourses on intersectionality developed within other disciplines, the research further seeks to problematize the theoretical framework for understanding the subject of oppression within Western philosophy.