Plastic pollution and ocean giants: Investigating the extent and impacts of plastic ingestion by marine megafauna (ref 4597)

塑料污染和海洋巨兽:调查海洋巨型动物摄入塑料的程度和影响(参考文献 4597)

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2859489
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2023 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

The widespread and pervasive nature of plastic pollution has resulted in a growing body of evidence documenting the detrimental effects of anthropogenic waste on marine organisms. Over the last two decades, the number of marine species known to be impacted by debris, the majority of which is plastic, has more than trebled. Of particular concern are the marine megafauna, namely marine mammals (e.g. cetaceans and pinnipeds), elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), and marine turtles. These large marine vertebrates play key roles in the functioning and maintenance of marine habitats and are often considered indicators of marine ecosystem health. Many are also of conservation concern due to the plethora of anthropogenic pressures exerted on them. Plastic ingestion by marine megafauna can lead to a range of lethal and sub-lethal impacts, including intestinal blockage and internal injury, dietary dilution, malnutrition, exposure to chemical contaminants and increased vulnerability to disease. Our understanding of the fate of very small plastic particles, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, within mammalian gastrointestinal tracts, and the potential health implications, is extremely limited.Project Aims and methodsIn this PhD, the student will build on previous research undertaken by the supervisory team from the University of Exeter, Plymouth Marine Laboratory and the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme at the Institute of Zoology (IoZ)/Zoological Society of London (ZSL) to understand the extent and potential impacts of plastic ingestion by a range of marine megafauna species, including whales, dolphins, seals, turtles, and sharks, found in UK waters.There is scope for the student to develop the specific objectives of the project but suggested aims include:Work alongside strandings scientists and veterinary pathologists to develop a method of sampling large marine animals collected by the UK stranding networks for evidence of plastic consumptionCharacterise any plastic debris (including microplastics) within the gastrointestinal tracts of the stranded animals, with a view to identifying potential sources and informing policyUsing data from strandings records and published research, investigate the differences in exposure to plastic pollution among species, life-stages, and feeding strategies/dietExamine spatial patterns to assess species vulnerability by exploring the overlap between species distributions and habitat use with hotspots of plastic pollutionWork with the supervisory team and histopathologists at IoZ to co-develop methods for examining digestive tract samples for the presence and fate of nanoplasticsInvestigate the link between plastic ingestion and exposure to chemicals, such as phthalatesConsider the adverse health impacts of plastic ingestion for individual animals as well as the potential population-level effects.
塑料污染的广泛性和普遍性导致越来越多的证据记录了人为废物对海洋生物的有害影响。在过去的二十年里,已知受到碎片影响的海洋物种数量增加了两倍多,其中大多数是塑料。特别令人关切的是海洋巨型动物,即海洋哺乳动物(例如鲸目动物和鳍足动物)、板鳃类动物(鲨鱼和鳐)和海龟。这些大型海洋脊椎动物在海洋生境的运作和维持方面发挥着关键作用,往往被视为海洋生态系统健康的指标。许多也是保护问题,由于过多的人为压力施加在他们身上。海洋巨型动物摄入塑料可能导致一系列致命和亚致命影响,包括肠道堵塞和内伤、饮食稀释、营养不良、接触化学污染物和更容易感染疾病。我们对哺乳动物胃肠道内非常小的塑料颗粒(如微塑料和纳米塑料)的命运及其潜在的健康影响的了解非常有限。项目目标和方法在这个博士学位中,学生将建立在埃克塞特大学的监督团队进行的先前研究的基础上,普利茅斯海洋实验室和伦敦动物学会动物研究所(IoZ)鲸类搁浅调查计划了解在英国沃茨发现的一系列海洋巨型动物物种(包括鲸鱼、海豚、海豹、海龟和鲨鱼)摄入塑料的程度和潜在影响。学生可以制定项目的具体目标,但建议的目标包括:与搁浅科学家和兽医病理学家合作,开发一种方法,对英国搁浅网络收集的大型海洋动物进行采样,以获得塑料消费的证据。(包括微塑料),以确定潜在的来源和告知政策使用搁浅记录和已发表的研究数据,调查不同物种,生命阶段,和喂养策略/饮食检查空间模式,通过探索物种分布和栖息地利用与塑料污染热点之间的重叠来评估物种脆弱性与IoZ的监督团队和组织病理学家合作,开发用于检查消化道样本中纳米塑料的存在和命运的方法调查塑料摄入与化学品(如邻苯二甲酸酯)暴露之间的联系考虑塑料摄入对个体动物的不良健康影响以及潜在的群体水平影响。

项目成果

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其他文献

吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
  • DOI:
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  • 影响因子:
    0
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
生命分子工学・海洋生命工学研究室
生物分子工程/海洋生物技术实验室
  • DOI:
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    0
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
  • DOI:
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    0
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
  • DOI:
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    0
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