The "Night-Mare" in Culture, History, and Biomedicine

文化、历史和生物医学中的“噩梦”

• 批准号: 6757778
• 负责人: SHELLEY R ADLER
• 金额: $ 6.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6757778
• 关键词: Internet; behavioral /social science research tag; culture; data collection methodology /evaluation; death; history of life science; human data; interview; literature survey; psychological shock; psychosocial separation; racial /ethnic difference; sign /symptom; sleep disorders

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this one year manuscript-writing project is to analyze critically the ways in which culture, history, and biology shape a traditional supernatural assault, leading, in one specific context, to sudden nocturnal death. The term "night-mare," with a hyphen, is used in its original denotation as the nocturnal visit of an evil being that threatens to press the very life out of its terrified victim. (This form of the term is distinct from the common contemporary usage of "nightmare" to indicate a more general anxiety dream.) The nightmare "has the odd distinction of possibly being the commonest 'unknown' experience for people in industrialized societies." The proposed scholarly, book-length manuscript has five specific aims: (1) to contextualize the stable, universal night-mare phenomenon through a richly detailed overview and ethnographic analysis of first-person accounts in historical and cultural context; (2) to provide a biomedical perspective on traditional night-mare symptomatology through the examination of recent findings in laboratory sleep research; (3) to describe and assess the contribution of research breakthroughs on the nocebo phenomenon (which update and replace the notion of "voodoo death"); (4) to analyze a rare case (from my own fieldwork) of an extreme form of nocebo effect--the night-mare as a trigger for Hmong sudden nocturnal deaths in the context of traumatic cultural dislocation; and (5) to explore the consequences of night-mare encounters as they are now commonly experienced in the United States---devoid of traditional cultural explanatory models. The methods include: a critical review of the cultural, historical, and biomedical literature on the night-mare; the incorporation of previously collected and analyzed ethnographic interviews with night-mare sufferers and sleep researchers; and the qualitative content analysis of contemporary accounts collected from Web bulletin boards and online support groups for people who suffer from sleep paralysis. The proposed manuscript thus aims to fill a gap in the current healthcare, anthropological, and medical historical literature by collecting and analyzing the information necessary to comprehend an extremely common, but poorly understood, health-related phenomenon.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这个为期一年的手稿写作项目的目标是批判性地分析文化，历史和生物学塑造传统超自然攻击的方式，在一个特定的背景下，导致夜间猝死。“night-mare”一词，带连字符，在其最初的外延中被用作一种邪恶的夜间访问，威胁要将其惊恐的受害者的生命压出来。(This这个词的形式与当代普遍使用的“噩梦”不同，它表示一种更普遍的焦虑梦。“噩梦”有一个奇怪的区别，可能是工业化社会中人们最常见的“未知”经历。" 这本学术性的、长达一本书的手稿有五个具体的目标：（1）通过对历史和文化背景下的第一人称叙述进行详细的概述和民族志分析，将稳定的、普遍的噩梦现象置于背景中;（2）通过对实验室睡眠研究的最新发现进行检查，提供传统噩梦学的生物医学视角;（3）描述和评估反安慰剂现象研究突破的贡献（更新并取代了“巫毒死亡”的概念）;（4）分析一个罕见的案例（从我自己的田野工作）的反安慰剂效应的极端形式-梦魇作为一个引发苗族突然夜间死亡的背景下，创伤性文化错位;（5）探索噩梦遭遇的后果，因为他们现在在美国普遍经历-没有传统的文化解释模型。 这些方法包括：对有关梦魇的文化、历史和生物医学文献进行了批判性的回顾;将以前收集和分析的与梦魇患者和睡眠研究人员的民族志访谈结合起来;对从网络公告板和在线支持团体收集的当代账户进行定性内容分析，这些账户为患有睡眠瘫痪的人提供了帮助。 因此，拟议的手稿旨在通过收集和分析理解一种极其常见但知之甚少的健康相关现象所需的信息，填补当前医疗保健、人类学和医学历史文献中的空白。