The Perception of the Affordances for Interception in Sports-Related Environments

对体育相关环境中拦截功能可供性的看法

• 批准号: 2865716
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2865716
• 关键词: Perception; Affordances; Interception; Sports; Related

For any perceptual system to perform properly, it must be able to provide the perceiver with theinformation to do two things properly. It must tell the perceiver when they should attempt toperform an action and, arguably more importantly, when they should not. For example, when ahiker in the arctic encounters a crevasse, they must contemplate whether or not to jump. Whenuncertainty exists, failing has dire consequences.These action decisions are hypothesized to be determined by one's perceived affordances, definedas actions that can be performed in a specific environment given the action capabilities of theorganism (Gibson, 1979). Consider seeing a coffee mug on a table. If that mug is reachable, then anaffordance for that mug is reaching. If our aforementioned crevasse can be scaled by our hiker, thenthe crevasse affords jumping. A wealth of research has found that people are competent atdetermining and updating their affordances for a variety of actions including stair climbing, aperturepassing, reaching, grasping, jumping, and catching (Barsingerhorn et al, 2012).However, these previous studies have been conducted largely on simple actions in sparse,controlled environments (Linkenauger et al., 2009). Additionally, these studies do not consideruncertainty in the dynamics of the environment. As a result, little is known about affordanceperception in sports-related environments, where complicated actions are performed in acomplex, constantly changing environment involving competitors. A ubiquitous, yet vital action inmost competitive sports is interception: the act of preventing an object from continuing itstrajectory, often in competition with an opponent. Success in team sports like football, Americanfootball, basketball, field/ice hockey, netball, and rugby heavily relies on the ability to intercept thetarget (ball) before an opposing player. However, to our knowledge, little/no research has beenconducted investigating how players' perceive affordances for interception in competitiveenvironments (Araujo et al., 2017). Determining how athletes make decisions for interception indifferent scenarios could allow coaches a useful tool for instruction, leading to improved athleticperformance.

对于任何一个感知系统来说，要想正常工作，它必须能够为感知者提供正确做两件事的信息。它必须告诉感知者什么时候他们应该尝试执行一个动作，更重要的是，什么时候他们不应该。例如，当一个徒步旅行者在北极遇到一个裂缝时，他们必须考虑是否要跳下去。当不确定性存在时，失败会带来可怕的后果。这些行动决定被假设为由一个人的感知启示决定，定义为在给定有机体行动能力的特定环境中可以执行的行动（吉布森，1979）。想象一下在桌子上看到一个咖啡杯。如果这个杯子是可及的，那么这个杯子的启示就是可及的。如果我们前面提到的裂缝可以被我们的徒步旅行者攀登，那么裂缝就可以跳跃。大量的研究发现，人们有能力确定和更新他们对各种动作的启示，包括爬楼梯、通过小孔、伸手、抓握、跳跃和接球（Barsingerhorn et al，2012）。然而，这些先前的研究主要是在稀疏的受控环境中进行的简单动作（Linkenauger et al，2009年）。此外，这些研究并没有考虑到环境动态的不确定性。因此，很少有人知道affordanceperception在体育相关的环境中，复杂的动作是在复杂的，不断变化的环境中进行的竞争对手。在大多数竞技运动中，一个普遍存在但又至关重要的动作是拦截：阻止物体继续运动的行为，通常是在与对手的比赛中。足球、美式足球、篮球、曲棍球、无挡板篮球和橄榄球等团体运动的成功很大程度上取决于在对方球员之前拦截目标（球）的能力。然而，据我们所知，很少/没有研究已经进行调查如何球员的感知启示拦截在竞争环境中（Araujo等人，2017年）。确定运动员如何做出拦截无关紧要的情况下的决定，可以让教练一个有用的工具，指导，从而提高运动成绩。