Marine mammal bycatch in southwest England: Taking a holistic approach to assess causes, impacts and evidence-based solutions

英格兰西南部的海洋哺乳动物兼捕:采取整体方法评估原因、影响和基于证据的解决方案

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2866091
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2023 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Background: The Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP) at ZSL has been running since 1990 and is funded by Defra and the Devolved Government of Wales. It coordinates the investigation of all whales, dolphins and porpoises, marine turtles, seals and large bodied sharks that strand around the English and Welsh coastline. As well as documenting each individual stranding, they conduct post-mortem examinations to investigate causes of death and learn more about the threats large marine vertebrates face in UK waters. Since its inception in 1990, CSIP have noted that accidental entrapment of marine mammals in commercial fisheries (bycatch) has been a consistent finding in every year of study and represents the largest direct anthropogenic driver of mortality in stranded cetaceans examined at necropsy (n=782, 1990-2019, data UK strandings dataset). The southwest of England and Wales, particularly Cornwall, is a hotspot for bycatch-related mortality. For example, 64% of all bycatch cases diagnosed in UK of stranded common dolphins examined at post-mortem examination (1990-2019) were recorded in Cornwall. During 2020, approximately one-third of post-mortem examinations of stranded cetaceans in Cornwall were diagnosed as bycatch cases.It is likely that bycatch in the region is driven by multiple sectors and multiple fleets impacting on species across the region; and inside/outside of the UK Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Marine mammals from across the wider north Atlantic region, including common dolphins, harbour porpoises and grey seals, are known to succumb to bycatch in this area. Bycatch is therefore an international issue impacting marine mammals at regional, national and international levels. In addition, locally discrete and small marine mammal populations (e.g. coastal/inshore bottlenose dolphin communities) will be highly vulnerable to any bycatch-related mortality. Bycatch may therefore also pose a significant conservation issue for some species/populations.There is currently relatively limited information on the main drivers of bycatch in the area, and information such as the spatial and temporal overlap between species distributions and fisheries, and the types of gear used are essential for informing policies aimed at managing the threat.Aims and Approach: This project would take an interdisciplinary approach to informing our understanding of marine mammal bycatch in southwest waters. There is scope for the student to develop the specific objectives of the project depending on their skills and interests but suggested aims include;1) Ecology/Pathology: Assess the existing evidence base for gear types thought to impact on cetaceans in the region. Determine whether additional forensic evidence of bycatch could be gathered during investigation of strandings to help improve data collection and diagnosesa. The student would work with strandings scientists and veterinary pathologists from CSIP and the wider UK strandings network to design a series of experiments to test how interactions with different gear types may present in bycaught animals.b. Assess existing sources of bycatch, strandings and other ancillary data to synthesise a more holistic understanding of bycatch related impacts across different marine mammal species, including temporal and spatial variation.2) Oceanography: Develop methods for identifying potential factors that may influence the spatio-temporal patterns of bycatch-related strandingsa. By inverted particle tracking within a numerical coastal ocean model, backwards track bycaught animals from their stranding location to estimate the potential location for the animals interacting with fishing gearb. Identify the spatial extent of 'high risk' fishing activities in southwest regional waters using a number of data sources (e.g. Inshore Vessel Monitoring data and landings information).3) Policy analysis: Develop policy options to support design improvement and potential solutions
背景资料:鲸目动物搁浅调查方案(CSIP)自1990年以来一直在运行,由Defra和威尔士地方政府资助。它协调对英格兰和威尔士海岸线上所有鲸鱼、海豚和鼠海豚、海龟、海豹和大型鲨鱼的调查。除了记录每一次搁浅,他们还进行尸检,以调查死亡原因,并更多地了解大型海洋脊椎动物在英国沃茨面临的威胁。自1990年成立以来,CSIP已经注意到,在商业渔业中意外捕获海洋哺乳动物(兼捕)一直是每年研究的一致结果,并且是尸检时检查的搁浅鲸目动物死亡率的最大直接人为驱动因素(n = 782,1990 - 2019,英国搁浅数据集)。英格兰和威尔士的西南部,特别是康沃尔,是与兼捕有关的死亡率的热点。例如,英国在验尸检查(1990 - 2019年)中诊断出的搁浅海豚的所有误捕病例中有64%是在康沃尔记录的。在2020年,康沃尔大约三分之一的搁浅鲸类尸检被诊断为兼捕案例。该地区的兼捕可能是由多个部门和多个船队影响整个地区的物种所驱动的;以及英国专属经济区(EEZ)内外。来自整个北大西洋地区的海洋哺乳动物,包括普通海豚,港湾鼠海豚和灰海豹,都被这一地区的误捕所征服。因此,副渔获物是一个影响区域、国家和国际各级海洋哺乳动物的国际问题。此外,当地分散的小型海洋哺乳动物种群(例如沿海/近岸的海豚群落)将非常容易受到任何与兼捕有关的死亡的影响。因此,副渔获物也可能对某些物种/种群构成重大的养护问题,目前关于该地区副渔获物主要驱动因素的信息相对有限,而物种分布和渔业之间的时空重叠以及所用渔具类型等信息对于制定旨在管理威胁的政策至关重要。该项目将采取跨学科的方法,告知我们的理解海洋哺乳动物副渔获物在西南沃茨。学生可以根据自己的技能和兴趣制定项目的具体目标,但建议的目标包括:1)生态学/病理学:评估被认为会影响该地区鲸目动物的渔具类型的现有证据基础。确定在搁浅调查期间是否可以收集额外的兼捕证据,以帮助改进数据收集和诊断a。学生将与来自CSIP和更广泛的英国搁浅网络的搁浅科学家和兽医病理学家合作,设计一系列实验,以测试不同渔具类型的相互作用如何可能出现在误捕动物中。评估兼捕、搁浅和其他辅助数据的现有来源,以综合更全面地了解不同海洋哺乳动物物种的兼捕影响,包括时间和空间变化。通过在数值沿海海洋模式中的反向粒子跟踪,从搁浅位置向后跟踪误捕动物,以估计动物与渔具相互作用的潜在位置。利用若干数据来源(例如近岸船只监测数据和上岸信息)确定西南区域沃茨"高风险"捕鱼活动的空间范围。3)政策分析:制定政策选项,以支持设计改进和潜在解决方案

项目成果

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其他文献

吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
  • DOI:
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    0
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
生命分子工学・海洋生命工学研究室
生物分子工程/海洋生物技术实验室
  • DOI:
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    0
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
  • DOI:
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    0
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
  • DOI:
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的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('', 18)}}的其他基金

An implantable biosensor microsystem for real-time measurement of circulating biomarkers
用于实时测量循环生物标志物的植入式生物传感器微系统
  • 批准号:
    2901954
  • 财政年份:
    2028
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Exploiting the polysaccharide breakdown capacity of the human gut microbiome to develop environmentally sustainable dishwashing solutions
利用人类肠道微生物群的多糖分解能力来开发环境可持续的洗碗解决方案
  • 批准号:
    2896097
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
A Robot that Swims Through Granular Materials
可以在颗粒材料中游动的机器人
  • 批准号:
    2780268
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Likelihood and impact of severe space weather events on the resilience of nuclear power and safeguards monitoring.
严重空间天气事件对核电和保障监督的恢复力的可能性和影响。
  • 批准号:
    2908918
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Proton, alpha and gamma irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking: understanding the fuel-stainless steel interface
质子、α 和 γ 辐照辅助应力腐蚀开裂:了解燃料-不锈钢界面
  • 批准号:
    2908693
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Field Assisted Sintering of Nuclear Fuel Simulants
核燃料模拟物的现场辅助烧结
  • 批准号:
    2908917
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Assessment of new fatigue capable titanium alloys for aerospace applications
评估用于航空航天应用的新型抗疲劳钛合金
  • 批准号:
    2879438
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Developing a 3D printed skin model using a Dextran - Collagen hydrogel to analyse the cellular and epigenetic effects of interleukin-17 inhibitors in
使用右旋糖酐-胶原蛋白水凝胶开发 3D 打印皮肤模型,以分析白细胞介素 17 抑制剂的细胞和表观遗传效应
  • 批准号:
    2890513
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
CDT year 1 so TBC in Oct 2024
CDT 第 1 年,预计 2024 年 10 月
  • 批准号:
    2879865
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome, behavior and urbanisation in wild birds
了解野生鸟类肠道微生物组、行为和城市化之间的相互作用
  • 批准号:
    2876993
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship

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