Alcohol and Homeless Youth: A Longitudinal Comparison

酒精和无家可归的青少年：纵向比较

• 批准号: 6879982
• 负责人: PAUL A TORO
• 金额: $ 51.41万
• 依托单位: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6879982
• 关键词: African American; adolescence (12-20); alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; caucasian American; clinical research; criminal behavior; developmental psychology; drug abuse; employment /unemployment; family structure /dynamics; gender difference; health; high risk behavior /lifestyle; homeless; human immunodeficiency virus; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; longitudinal human study; peer group; racial /ethnic difference; social model; social support network; socioeconomics; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior

The proposed 5-year continuation research project will assess longitudinal outcomes during the transition from adolescence into early adulthood for a large 2-group sample of 401 at-risk urban youth: (1) a probability sample of 251 homeless adolescent from throughout the Detroit metropolitan area and (2) 150 initially housed adolescents matched on gender, age, race, and SES. Measures assessed longitudinally include family and contextual factors, psychological processes (e.g., competence, self-efficacy), homelessness and stress, peer relations, and outcomes that often begin in late adolescence and coalesce in early adulthood (e.g., alcohol and drug use/abuse, criminal behavior, education and employment, mental and physical health, HIV-risk behaviors). The proposed research builds on the original study by extending the follow-up period from adolescence (initial-final mean ages= 15.5-17.0) into early adulthood (initial-final mean ages=19.5- 21.5). We believe that is during this period of early adulthood that the consequences of problematic experiences in adolescence will become most clearly visible. Relatively few studies have tracked at-risk youth through the important transition. Specifically we will: (1) investigate risk and protective factors predicting longitudinal outcomes and test theoretical models on longitudinal pathways in our at-risk sample; (2) improve understanding of family dynamics among at-risk urban youth during the transition to early adulthood; (3) assess the impact of peer relationships; and (4) assess longitudinal differences in outcomes for African-vs. European-Americans and for girls vs. boys. In the original 4- year project, the rate of attrition has been low and we expect that 179 (81%) of the initially homeless and 141 (94%) of the housed ill receive at least one follow-up interview during early adulthood in the continuation project. Preliminary findings over 1.5 years suggest that our at-risk youth show some short-term improvements (perhaps due to service, family, or other factors) but are beginning to show signs of negative longitudinal outcomes (e.g., alcohol and drug problems) as they turn 16-17. W e are also finding some support for out theoretical perspectives. For example, supporting a social learning perspective, we have found that family relations, school problems, and deviant peers all have roles in the development of alcohol use/abuse.

拟议的为期5年的继续研究项目将评估从青春期到成年早期过渡期间的纵向结果，包括401名高危城市青年的两组大样本：(1)来自底特律整个大都市地区的251名无家可归青少年的概率样本，以及(2)在性别、年龄、种族和社会经济地位方面匹配的150名最初安置的青少年。纵向评估的措施包括家庭和环境因素、心理过程(例如能力、自我效能)、无家可归和压力、同伴关系以及通常从青春期后期开始并在成年初期合并的结果(例如酒精和药物使用/滥用、犯罪行为、教育和就业、身心健康、艾滋病毒危险行为)。这项拟议的研究是在原有研究的基础上，将随访期从青春期(初始-最终平均年龄=15.5-17.0岁)延长到成年早期(初始-最终平均年龄=19.5-21.5岁)。我们认为，正是在这段成年初期，青春期问题经历的后果将变得最为明显。相对较少的研究跟踪高危青年经历了重要的转变。具体地说，我们将：(1)调查预测纵向结果的风险和保护性因素，并在我们的高危样本中测试关于纵向路径的理论模型；(2)在向成年早期过渡的过程中，提高高危城市青年对家庭动态的理解；(3)评估同伴关系的影响；以及(4)评估非洲裔与非裔儿童在结果上的纵向差异。欧洲裔美国人和女孩对男孩。在最初的四年项目中，自然流失率一直很低，我们预计179名(81%)最初无家可归的人和141名(94%)有住房的病人在续建项目的成年初期至少接受一次后续访谈。一年半的初步研究结果表明，我们的高危青少年在短期内出现了一些改善(可能是由于服务、家庭或其他因素)，但在他们16-17岁时开始显示出负面的纵向后果(例如，酒精和毒品问题)的迹象。我们也在为我们的理论观点找到一些支持。例如，支持社会学习的观点，我们发现家庭关系、学校问题和离经叛道的同龄人都在酒精使用/滥用的发展中扮演着角色。