'Self-Policing': changing culture and tackling harm in police-community relations

“自我警务”：改变文化并解决警察与社区关系中的伤害

• 批准号: 2866674
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2866674
• 关键词: Self; Policing; changing; culture; tackling

There is widespread recognition that police-community relations in the UK are at an all-time low(Brown 2021). The murder of Sarah Everard by a serving police officer and the discovery of policeWhatsApp groups filled with misogynistic, racist and homophobic content, have all crystallised thesense of crisis. Recent reviews by Baroness Casey into the standards of behaviour and internalculture of the Metropolitan Police (October 2022) and the Operation Hotton report (Feb 2022)shows the challenges that need to be faced.With this in mind, West Midlands Police (WMP) have established 'Operation Santos' to examineofficer standards and conduct. One outcome has been mandatory 'Moral Courage' training (Staub,2019) for First Line Leaders in order to increase the likelihood that they will speak up when theyhear or witness unacceptable behaviour by colleagues. The aim is also that they will model theright kinds of behaviour thus promoting wider behaviour change. While these kinds of training programs are very much in fashion, there is very little robust evidence that they actually deliverbehaviour change in practice (Levine, Philpot & Kovalenko, 2020). This is partly to do with thedifficulty of establishing causal links between the training and actual behaviour that happens atsome much later date. But it may also be explained by the theoretical assumptions built into thetraining. Moral courage training assumes that empowering individuals to speak up is the solution- and that the negative influence of the group is the problem.However, more recent work (Philpot et al., 2019; Philpot et al., 2020, Levine et al., 2020) showsthat there is plenty of evidence that people will intervene - but that intervention is not alwayssuccessful. For example, reports into child sexual abuse scandals in the Catholic Church, or theSmith Review of the paedophile Jimmy Saville at the BBC, show repeatedly that people did speakup at the time, but that these interventions were not successful. It seems as though gettingindividuals to speak up is not enough. In order for intervention to become successful we need tostop seeing the power of the group as a problem (which is a key message of much 'BystanderIntervention' and 'Moral Courage' training - see Levine et al., 2020; Staub, 2019) and try to findways to use the power of the group as a solution. For example, the #Metoo movement only beganto have success when they were able to harness the power of the group to break through thebarriers that kept sexual exploitation hidden.

人们普遍认识到，英国的警察和社区关系处于历史最低水平(布朗2021)。一名现役警察谋杀了莎拉·埃弗雷德，发现了充斥着歧视女性、种族主义和仇视同性恋内容的警察WhatsApp群，所有这些都明确了一种危机感。卡西男爵夫人最近对大都会警察的行为标准和内部文化(2022年10月)和霍顿行动报告(2022年2月)进行的审查表明了需要面对的挑战。考虑到这一点，西米德兰兹郡警方(WMP)建立了“桑托斯行动”来审查警官的标准和行为。其中一个成果是对一线领导进行强制性的“道德勇气”培训(Staub，2019年)，以增加他们在听到或目睹同事不可接受的行为时直言不讳的可能性。这样做的目的还在于，他们将以正确的行为为榜样，从而促进更广泛的行为改变。虽然这类培训计划非常流行，但很少有强有力的证据表明它们确实在实践中改变了行为(Levine，Philpot&Kovalenko，2020)。这在一定程度上是因为很难确定培训和实际行为之间的因果联系，这些行为发生在更晚的某个日期。但这也可以用训练中的理论假设来解释。道德勇气训练认为，授权个人发言是解决方案--而群体的负面影响是问题所在。然而，最近的研究(Philpot等人，2019；Philpot等人，2020，Levine等人，2020)表明，有大量证据表明，人们会干预--但干预并不总是成功的。例如，对天主教会儿童性虐待丑闻的报道，或者BBC对恋童癖吉米·萨维尔的史密斯评论，一再表明，当时人们确实进行了SpeakUp，但这些干预并不成功。似乎让个人直言不讳是不够的。为了使干预取得成功，我们需要停止将群体的力量视为一个问题(这是许多“旁观者干预”和“道德勇气”培训的关键信息--参见Levine等人，2020；Staub，2019)，并试图找到将群体的力量作为解决方案的方法。例如，#MeToo运动只有在他们能够利用该组织的力量突破隐藏的性剥削障碍时才会取得成功。