Developing novel methods to watch membrane proteins move

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We study the architecture and functional dynamics of membrane proteins, especially many medically relevant membrane transport systems. There is increasing evidence that membrane proteins do not act alone, but that they are organised as nano-machineries which function through the concerted action of individual components with high precision and specificity observed in both time and space. We are seeking to unravel the principles underlying the architecture and dynamics of these protein nanomachineries as well as their function. Our experimental approach focuses on the use of magnetic resonance techniques specifically Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with molecular biological, and biochemical approaches. This project will study a specific sodium symporter transporter LeuT, a small amino-acid transporter from Aquifex aeolicus, which is a structural homologue of the human neurotransmitter transporters for dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and amino butyric acid. These human transporters are implicated in several diseased states including depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Several prescribed medications target these transporters and illicit street drugs like cocaine or amphetamine interact with them.However, the LeuT transporter is highly dynamic and the development of medically relevant SLC6inhibitors relies on understanding the distribution of conformational states. Recent structural studies have proposed large scale conformational changes and we aim to probe the functional dynamics of this protein family using a combination of state-of-the-art magnetic resonance techniques as well as techniques to purify and stabilise the protein using novel SMA lipid particles.