VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE CONTROL IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

城市环境中的媒介传播疾病控制

• 批准号: 7171444
• 负责人: John C. Beier
• 金额: $ 52.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7171444
• 关键词: Aedes; Africa; Caribbean; Culicidae; Egypt; Israel; biomedical facility; disease /disorder prevention /control; disease /disorder proneness /risk; disease vectors; ecology; environmental health; epidemiology; field study; information systems; insect control; insecticide biological effect; interdisciplinary collaboration; international cooperation; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vector-borne diseases, like malaria, dengue, West Nile, and Rift Valley Fever are major public health problems in cities throughout the world. The extent of disease in each city varies largely as a function of the environment that regulates the dynamics of insect vector populations. Poverty, urban farming, water and sanitation availability, increased population movement, deteriorating infrastructures, overcrowding in urban areas, and natural disasters all contribute to the development of conditions that modify the natural habitats of insect vectors. These complex problems can best be addressed through interdisciplinary approaches, as history has shown that medical and entomological approaches alone are not sufficient. An INTERVECTOR Exploratory Center for Interdisciplinary Research will be developed through the Global Public Health Program of the University of Miami (UM). Partnerships will be developed between UM faculty and international collaborators to study the ecology and control of mosquito-borne diseases at 7 selected cities in three regions: East Africa (Kenya), the Middle East (Israel, Egypt), and Latin America-Caribbean (Trinidad and Costa Rica). There are 4 specific aims: 1) construct study designs that incorporate interdisciplinary approaches for problem-solving strategies that are relevant to the ecology and control of vector-borne diseases in urban environments, 2) assess current and future risks of vector-borne diseases at each selected city through interdisciplinary assessments of entomological, epidemiological, environmental, and demographic parameters, 3) conduct small-scale field studies in each of the selected cities to obtain further interdisciplinary information on key factors affecting the spatial and temporal risks of mosquito-human contact and vector-borne diseases, and 4) strengthen capacity for harnessing the power of interdisciplinary approaches for controlling vector-borne diseases in urban environments. A major outcome will include new testable interdisciplinary approaches for controlling vector-borne diseases in urban environments.

描述（由申请人提供）：媒介传播的疾病，如疟疾、登革热、西尼罗河和裂谷热，是世界各地城市的主要公共卫生问题。每个城市的疾病程度在很大程度上取决于调节昆虫媒介种群动态的环境。贫困、城市农业、水和卫生设施的可用性、人口流动的增加、基础设施的恶化、城市地区的过度拥挤以及自然灾害都导致了改变昆虫媒介自然栖息地的条件的发展。这些复杂的问题最好通过跨学科的方法来解决，因为历史表明，仅靠医学和昆虫学方法是不够的。迈阿密大学 (UM) 的全球公共卫生计划将建立一个跨学科研究 INTERVECTOR 探索中心。密歇根大学教师和国际合作者将建立合作伙伴关系，研究三个地区 7 个选定城市的蚊媒疾病的生态和控制：东非（肯尼亚）、中东（以色列、埃及）和拉丁美洲-加勒比地区（特立尼达和哥斯达黎加）。有 4 个具体目标：1）构建研究设计，其中纳入与城市环境中媒介传播疾病的生态和控制相关的问题解决策略的跨学科方法，2）通过昆虫学、流行病学、环境和人口参数的跨学科评估来评估每个选定城市当前和未来媒介传播疾病的风险，3）在每个城市进行小规模实地研究 选定的城市获取有关影响蚊子与人类接触和媒介传播疾病的空间和时间风险的关键因素的进一步跨学科信息，4) 加强利用跨学科方法的力量控制城市环境中媒介传播疾病的能力。主要成果将包括用于控制城市环境中媒介传播疾病的新的可测试的跨学科方法。