Student-workers in Higher Education in Turkey

这项研究探讨了在土耳其的背景下，最近扩大学生就业是如何影响参加新的大规模高等教育系统的年轻人的愿望的。该国持续的生活成本危机是几名学生从事学期工作和季节性工作的主要原因，这些工作大多是非毕业生行业的。该项目探讨了这如何影响学生对高等教育和劳动力市场的抱负，导致他们的社会关系和政治态度随之发生变化。它将采用多地点民族志结合对学生工作者的深入采访。他在土耳其以前所未有的速度扩张，2006-2008年期间，在41所公立大学建立后，每个城市都有了一所。虽然较新的机构缺乏适当的基础设施来提供高质量的教育，但它们为弱势背景的年轻人提供了机会并承诺了社会流动性(Polat，2017)。私立大学的建立和老学校入学配额的不断增加加剧了这一扩张，现在几乎一半的学校毕业生最终进入了大学教育(Tekerek，2023)。然而，这种增长是在全球毕业生就业前景下降的背景下发生的(Tomlinson，2017)，这在土耳其最为明显，土耳其是直到最近毕业生失业率高于非毕业生失业率的少数市场经济之一(OECD，2020)。因此，这项研究将调查除了幻想破灭之外，还有什么其他影响可能构建学生工作者在劳动力市场上的高等教育抱负和经历。这项研究将弥补新兴经济体高等教育扩张和学生工作者经历研究的不足。土耳其的最后二十年是第一个民粹主义时期，市场化和公共产品的扩张并存(约鲁克，2022年)，他是一个突出的时期。紧随其后的是一场积累危机和日益增长的不满情绪引发的威权主义转向(Altinors&Akcay，2022)。后者导致货币贬值，导致土耳其的住房和食品通货膨胀率在经合组织国家中最高(经合组织，2022年)，这是与学生生活最相关的项目。因此，中国为研究政策变化对高等教育扩张和学生就业的影响提供了一个很好的案例。这项研究涉及两个城市的多地点民族志，以考虑地区发展的差异：a)伊斯坦布尔，它拥有最高的学生人口、生活成本和有学生工作的各种行业；b)安塔利亚，它拥有根据区域发展需求建立的大学，以旅游业和农业为生，并且是房价最高的城市之一。它将采用一种互动的方法，通过人种学观察，然后对学生工作人员进行深入采访。参考阿蒂诺斯，G.&Akçay，美国(2022年)威权新自由主义，危机和巩固：土耳其政权更迭的政治经济学，全球化，19：7,1029-1053，DOI：10.1080/14747731.2021.2025290 Polat，S.(2017年)。土耳其高等教育的扩展：教育机会、平等和区域回报、结构变化和经济动态43：1-14.Tekerek，T.(2023)。塔斯拉大学：阿卡坎普大学的正义与发展党。伊斯坦布尔：Iletisim.Tomlinson，M.(2017)。引言：背景下的毕业生就业能力：绘制一个复杂的、有争议的和多方面的政策和研究领域。(见)M.Tomlinson和L.Holmes(EDS)，《背景下的毕业生就业能力：理论、研究和辩论》，Pagrave MacMillan，York uk，E.(2022)。土耳其的福利政治。收录于G.M.Tezcur(编辑)的《牛津土耳其政治手册》。牛津大学出版社。

The research explores how the aspirations of young people participating in a newly massified HE system are influenced by the recent expansion of student employment, in the context of Turkey. The ongoing cost of living crisis in the country is the primary reason why several students take up term-time and seasonal jobs in mostly non-graduate industries. The project explores how this impacts on students' aspirations regarding HE and labour markets, leading to concomitant changes in their social relations and political attitudes. It will employ multi-sited ethnography together with in-depth interviews with student-workers.HE expanded at an unprecedented pace in Turkey, and every city came to have one after the establishment of 41 public universities between 2006-8. Whilst newer institutions lacked the proper infrastructure to give quality education, they enabled access and promised social mobility to young people from disadvantaged backgrounds (Polat, 2017). The establishment of private universities and the constant rising of admission quotas of older institutions added to the expansion, and almost half of school leavers now end up in university education (Tekerek, 2023). Yet, this expansion occurred in the context of globally declining graduate prospects (Tomlinson, 2017), which is most strikingly observed in Turkey, one of the few market economies in which graduate unemployment was higher than that of non-graduates until recently (OECD, 2020). The research will hence investigate what other affects besides disillusionment, each with its socio-political implications, could be structuring student-workers' HE aspirations and experiences in the labour market.The research will compensate for the insufficiency of research on HE expansion and student-worker experiences in emerging economies. Turkey's last two decades are marked by a first populist period in which marketization and expansion of public goods coexisted (Yoruk, 2022), with HE being a prominent one. This was followed by an authoritarian turn emanating from an accumulation crisis and growing discontent (Altinors & Akcay, 2022). The latter led to the devaluation that caused Turkey to have the highest inflation rates in housing and food among OECD countries (OECD, 2022), items most relevant to student livelihood. The country hence provides an excellent case to study the impact of policy changes on HE expansion and student employment. The research involves multi-sited ethnography in two cities to factor in differences in regional development: a) Istanbul, which has the highest student population, cost of living and the variety of industries with student jobs b) Antalya, which hosts universities founded upon demands of regional development, subsists on tourism and agriculture, and has one of the highest housing prices. It will deploy an interactive method, with ethnographic observations followed by in-depth interviews with student-workers.ReferencesAltinors, G. & Akçay, U. (2022) Authoritarian neoliberalism, crisis, and consolidation: the political economy of regime change in Turkey, Globalizations, 19:7, 1029-1053, DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2021.2025290Polat, S. (2017). The Expansion of Higher Education in Turkey: Access, Equality and Regional Returns to Education, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 43: 1-14.Tekerek, T. (2023). Tasra Universiteleri: Ak Parti'nin Arka KampUsU. Istanbul: Iletisim.Tomlinson, M. (2017). Introduction: Graduate Employability in Context: Charting a Complex, Contested and Multi-Faceted Policy and Research Field. (In) M. Tomlinson & L. Holmes (Eds), Graduate Employability in Context: Theory, Research and Debate, Pagrave Macmillan.Yoruk, E. (2022). The Politics of Welfare in Turkey. In G. M. Tezcur (Ed) The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics. Oxford University Press.