Understanding the relationship between cannabis use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是一种普遍的神经发育障碍，其特征是注意力不集中、多动/冲动。大麻使用和大麻使用障碍（CUD）在ADHD人群中很普遍。初步证据表明，大麻可以缓解注意力缺陷多动症的核心症状。目前在英国提供大麻药物指导的NICE指南没有考虑多动症，这是医疗保健指导中的一个关键差距。由于缺乏人体研究和方法学问题，大麻对ADHD人群的危害和药用潜力的研究结果令人费解。本博士将通过探索大麻的使用、CUD以及大麻在ADHD人群和对照组中的药用潜力来解决这些问题。我的研究问题是“大麻使用和多动症之间有什么联系，大麻使用对多动症患者有什么潜在的危害和好处？”作为该项目的一部分，将进行四项研究；(1)对ADHD患者大麻使用和大麻使用障碍的患病率进行系统回顾和荟萃分析；(2)对成人ADHD患者大麻使用和大麻使用障碍进行定性调查；(3)药用大麻与ADHD临床结局的关联；(4)利用生态瞬时评估（EMA）探讨大麻对成人ADHD患者的急性效应。我计划参加一个海外（比利时鲁汶大学）驻地EMA方法培训课程，并从中获得国际认可的EMA方法资格。我还计划在质性研究中心（巴斯大学）参加swdtp资助的定制质性培训讲习班，接受系统评价和荟萃分析（Cochrane）、MPlus的培训，以及GW4 MRC DTP的医学研究核心培训。我的研究将被告知并传播给公众和患者参与（PPI）小组，该小组由10名有过ADHD生活经历的人组成，有或没有使用大麻的经历，我将在每次研究开始前与他们见面，并在每次研究完成后再次见面。我的博士学位将通过采用一系列先进的，新颖的，跨学科的方法来扩展ADHD和大麻研究领域。这项研究可能产生具有重大社会和经济意义的发现，并可能使人们了解大麻如何伤害和/或帮助患有多动症的人，从而为NICE指南提供信息。我的博士学位与UKRI的战略研究主题“确保更好的健康”和ESRC的战略目标“改善健康，福祉和社会关怀”保持一致。

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are prevalent amongst ADHD populations. Preliminary evidence suggests cannabis can alleviate core symptoms of ADHD. Current NICE guidelines that provide guidance on cannabis medicines in the UK do not consider ADHD, which represents a key gap in healthcare guidance. A lack of human research and methodological problems convolute findings of the harms and medicinal potential of cannabis in ADHD populations. This PhD will address these issues by exploring cannabis use, CUD, and the medicinal potential of cannabis in ADHD populations and controls. My research questions are "what is the association of cannabis use and ADHD, and what are the potential harms and benefits of cannabis use in people with ADHD?". Four studies will be conducted as part of this project; (1) systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in individuals with ADHD, (2) a qualitative investigation of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with ADHD, (3) associations of medicinal cannabis on clinical outcomes of ADHD(4) exploring the acute effects of cannabis in adults with ADHD using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).I plan to undertake an overseas (KU Leuven, Belgium) residential EMA methods training course, and gain an internationally recognised qualification in EMA methods from this. I also plan to undertake SWDTP-Funded Bespoke Qualitative Training Workshops at the Centre for Qualitative Research (University of Bath), undertake training on systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Cochrane), MPlus, and core training in medical research from the GW4 MRC DTP. My research will be informed and disseminated to a Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group, consisting of 10 individuals with lived experience of ADHD, with and without experience of using cannabis, whom I will meet with prior to beginning each study, and again upon completion of each study. My PhD will expand the field of ADHD and cannabis research by employing a series of advanced, novel, and cross-disciplinary methods. This research could produce findings with great social and economic importance and could inform understanding of how cannabis may harm and/or help people with ADHD which could inform NICE guidelines. My PhD aligns with the UKRI's strategic research theme 'Securing better health' and ESRC's strategic aim 'Improving health, wellbeing, and social care'.