Alteration to existing mortuary spaces and additional burials during the Old Kingdom through early Middle Kingdom (c.2686-c.1991 BCE)

古王国时期至中王国早期（约公元前 2686 年至约 1991 年）期间对现有太平间空间和额外墓地的改造

• 批准号: 2875450
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2875450
• 关键词: Alteration; existing; mortuary; spaces; additional

This project examines the practice of incorporating additional burials into existing mortuary spaces during the Egyptian Old through Early Middle Kingdoms (c.2686-c.1991 BCE) to understand how the Egyptians engaged with physical mortuary spaces to create a sense of 'place.' Using an original, interdisciplinary framework, I will explore how and why additional burials were integrated into existing mortuary spaces, to redress and reframe prevailing colonial narratives regarding these alterations in modern academic discourse.Alteration broadly refers to changes that are done to the original, physical burial space. For example, changes made to accommodate new burials, such as decorative/textual changes and the addition of burial shafts, are an example of alteration. Since Seidlmayer's (1990) chapter on additional burials, few studies have explored additional burial for the proposed period, and none use alterations to mortuary space as evidence of peoples' engagement with mortuary spaces.Studies into additional burials in ancient Egypt only recently gained attention by scholars, like Grajetzki (2007), Miniaci (2018; 2019) and Maitland (2017). For example, Miniaci (2018) established a theoretical model using architecture and timespan of use to explain late Middle Kingdom additional burials. Though most studies of additional burial generally categorise them as 'intrusive' or 'secondary,' a close analysisof Egyptian engagement with these spaces shows that additional burials were considered integral to the continuation of individual mortuary cults.Through a qualitative case-study methodology, my project integrates non-indigenous techniques from graffiti and epigraphic studies (Plesch, 2017) and place-making (Tuan, 1979) with an indigenous framework of Egyptian concepts like 'place' and 'generation' (Frood, 2010). This methodology is used to examine socio-economic indicators including kinship, gender, social status, and wealth (Olabarria, 2020), as well as return and reuse (Quinn, 2015). My project answers the following key research questions are:1. In what ways were mortuary spaces altered to accommodate additional burials?2. How do these alterations differ from typical, standardised tomb inscriptions, decoration, and layout?3. Are there patterns in the ways that mortuary spaces were altered to add additional burials?4. How does the evidence for alteration in existing mortuary space reflect peoples' integration with their physical environment rather than usurpation?5. Why is the idea of usurpation or intrusiveness still so prominent when discussing the presence of additional burials in mortuary spaces?To answer these questions, I will closely examine archaeological and archival records to understand changes to mortuary spaces for new burials and how these have been treated by excavators. I will organise my notes to create a catalogue of examples of additional burials to qualitatively analyse my chosen case-studies.Like Olabarria (2020), Maitland (2018), Nyord (2018; 2020), and Matic (2018), this project recontextualises earlier colonial interpretations of additional burials to provide new ways to understand these burials and break away from traditional, embedded narratives still held in Egyptology. Redressing colonial interpretations critically reframes additional burials in scholarship to show that these burials are not inherently bad as often described.

这个项目研究了在古埃及到中世纪早期(公元前2686-1991年)时期，将更多的墓地纳入现有的太平间空间的做法，以了解埃及人是如何参与到有形的太平间空间中来创造一种“地方感”的。使用一个原创的跨学科框架，我将探索如何以及为什么将额外的埋葬融入现有的太平间空间，以纠正和重新构建关于现代学术话语中这些改变的主流殖民叙事。改变广义地指对原始的物理埋葬空间所做的改变。例如，为适应新的墓葬而做出的改变，如装饰性/文字性的改变和增加墓穴，就是改变的例子。自从Seidlmayer(1990)关于额外埋葬的章节以来，很少有研究探索所建议时期的额外埋葬，也没有研究使用殡仪馆空间的变化作为人们参与停尸空间的证据。对古埃及额外埋葬的研究直到最近才得到学者的关注，如Grajetzki(2007)，Miniaci(2018；2019)和Maitland(2017)。例如，Miniaci(2018)建立了一个理论模型，使用建筑和使用时间跨度来解释中央王国晚期的额外埋葬。虽然大多数关于额外埋葬的研究通常将它们归类为“侵入性”或“次要的”，但对埃及人与这些空间的接触的仔细分析表明，额外的埋葬被认为是个人殡葬崇拜延续所不可或缺的。通过定性的案例研究方法，我的项目将涂鸦和墓志铭研究(Plesch，2017)和地点制作(Tuan，1979)中的非本土技术与埃及概念的本土框架相结合，如“地点”和“世代”(Frood，2010)。这种方法被用来审查社会经济指标，包括亲属关系、性别、社会地位和财富(奥拉巴里亚，2020)，以及回归和再利用(Quinn，2015)。我的项目回答了以下关键的研究问题：1.殡仪馆空间在哪些方面被改造以容纳更多的墓葬？2.这些改造与典型的标准化墓碑、装饰和布局有何不同？3.殡仪馆空间被改造以增加墓地的方式是否有模式？4.现有殡仪馆空间改变的证据如何反映人们与他们的物理环境的整合，而不是篡夺？5.为什么在讨论殡仪馆空间中存在更多墓葬时，篡夺或侵扰的想法仍然如此突出？为了回答这些问题，我将仔细研究考古和档案记录，以了解新墓地停尸房空间的变化，以及挖掘机是如何处理这些变化的。我将整理我的笔记，创建一个额外埋葬的例子目录，以定性分析我选择的案例研究。就像奥拉巴里亚(2020年)、梅特兰(2018年)、尼奥德(2018年；2020年)和马季奇(2018年)一样，这个项目重新设置了早期殖民对额外埋葬的解释，为理解这些埋葬提供了新的方式，并摆脱了埃及学中仍然持有的传统的、嵌入的叙事。纠正殖民的解释批判性地重新定义了学术中的额外埋葬，以表明这些埋葬并不像经常描述的那样本质上是糟糕的。