Cascading hazards from the largest volcanic eruption in over a century: What happened when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai erupted in January 2022?

一个多世纪以来最大规模火山喷发带来的级联危害：2022 年 1 月洪加汤加-洪加哈派火山喷发时发生了什么？

• 批准号: 2878033
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2878033
• 关键词: Cascading; hazards; largest; volcanic; eruption

The most explosive volcanic event in >100 years occurred in January 2022, when Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) erupted unexpectedly, triggering cascades of hazards1. The atmospheric shockwave was felt around the planet, tsunamis inundated coastlines, and communications were cut when seafloor cables were damaged. Unique datasets were acquired before and after the eruption, providing the first opportunity to study the hazard cascades created by such a powerful event. New seafloor and subsurface geophysical data, acquired three months after the eruption, enable comparison with pre-eruption data, to show how the volcano evolved and shaped the surrounding seafloor. Initial analysis reveals that powerful pyroclastic density currents were generated following the initial eruption, sculpting deep seafloor channels and travelling vast distances. These surges may be the main trigger for tsunamis and responsible for >100 km of damage to seafloor cables; however, this requires validation. Coring of the seafloor and on onshore islands will provide the necessary sedimentological constraint to the eruptive timeline. This timely project offers a unique opportunity to determine the distribution, timing, behaviour and impact of pyroclastic flows, the linked and cascading hazards associated with such a major eruption, and new insights into many other volcanoes worldwide that pose similar hazards.

100年以来最具爆炸性的火山事件发生在2022年1月，当时匈牙利-汤加-匈牙利哈阿派火山(HTHH)意外喷发，引发了一连串的危险1。地球各地都能感受到大气冲击波，海啸淹没了海岸线，海底电缆受损，通讯也被切断。在喷发前后获得了独特的数据集，这为研究如此强大的事件造成的灾害级联提供了第一个机会。新的海底和地下地球物理数据是在火山喷发三个月后获得的，可以与喷发前的数据进行比较，以显示火山是如何演变和塑造周围海底的。初步分析表明，在最初的喷发之后，产生了强大的火山碎屑密度流，形成了深海底水道，并传播了很远的距离。这些巨浪可能是海啸的主要触发因素，并对海底电缆造成长达100公里的损坏负责；然而，这需要得到证实。海底和陆上岛屿的取芯将对喷发时间表提供必要的沉积学约束。这个及时的项目提供了一个独特的机会来确定火山碎屑流的分布、时间、行为和影响，与这种大喷发相关的连带和连锁危险，以及对世界上许多其他构成类似危险的火山的新见解。