The properties, mechanisms, and hazards of interplate and intraplate earthquakes in India

印度板间和板内地震的性质、机制和危害

• 批准号: NE/Z503484/1
• 负责人: Daniel Faulkner
• 金额: $ 108.41万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FZ503484%2F1
• 关键词: properties; mechanisms; hazards; interplate; intraplate

Describe the research in simple terms in a way that could be publicised to a general audience. This will be made publicly available, and Applicants are responsible for ensuring that the content is suitable for publication. No more than, 4000 characters including spaces and returns.Seismic hazards endanger both human lives and critical infrastructure, underscoring the need for a more profound understanding of earthquake dynamics and precise risk assessment, especially in regions prone to infrequent, long-recurrence events. Globally, earthquakes predominantly cluster along tectonic plate boundaries, where heightened seismic risk is acknowledged despite the lack of precise information on location and timing of earthquakes. Conversely, intraplate regions, situated away from these boundaries, also experience significant earthquakes, presenting a distinct challenge due to their rarity. Notably, these seismically active intraplate regions often coincide with large urban centres, amplifying potential risks.Key features that distinguish interplate and intraplate earthquakes include (1) variations in the stress on the fault that drives slip; (2) earthquake magnitude-frequency distributions - the number of small earthquakes in a region relative to large earthquakes; and (3) source parameters that dictate the severity of an earthquake, including the stress drop, duration of the event, and precursory phases that occur immediately preceding earthquakes. Investigating these distinctions and the underlying reasons responsible for them, as well as documenting historical earthquake events, holds promise for both a more comprehensive understanding of earthquakes and a pathway to enhanced regional seismic hazard assessment.Our project is dedicated to exploring the fundamental physics of earthquake rupture and documenting historical earthquakes within the Indian subcontinent including the public and state response to these events. These endeavours are inextricably linked and involve distinguishing the characteristic features between interplate and intraplate regions through a combination of laboratory experiments, borehole stress measurements, and seismic monitoring, and developing better records of historical seismicity and the response to it. By scrutinizing stress conditions, rock properties, earthquake magnitudes, source characteristics, and infrequent historical events, we aim to elevate the precision of risk analysis in key regions within India.The knowledge gained from these activities will be brought together to craft an educational and outreach initiative aimed at both the general population (through schools) and local government through education on the scientific and historical nature of earthquake hazard and development of tools to improve decision making. The program will heighten public awareness regarding earthquake risks, promote straightforward life-saving measures, and develop better planning to prepare and deal with future seismic hazard.

以一种可以向一般受众宣传的方式，用简单的术语描述这项研究。这将向公众开放，申请者有责任确保内容适合出版。不超过4000个字符，包括空格和回车。地震灾害危及人类生命和关键基础设施，突显出需要更深入地了解地震动力学和准确的风险评估，特别是在容易发生罕见、长期重复事件的地区。在全球范围内，地震主要集中在构造板块边界，尽管缺乏关于地震发生地点和时间的准确信息，但那里的地震风险较高。相反，远离这些边界的板内区也经历了强烈的地震，由于它们的稀有性，构成了一个明显的挑战。值得注意的是，这些地震活跃的板内区往往与大城市中心重合，放大了潜在的风险。区分板间地震和板内地震的关键特征包括：(1)驱动滑动的断层上的应力变化；(2)地震震级-频率分布--一个地区相对于大地震的小震次数；(3)决定地震严重程度的震源参数，包括应力降、事件持续时间和紧接地震前发生的前兆阶段。调查这些差异和造成这些差异的根本原因，以及记录历史地震事件，有助于更全面地了解地震，并为加强区域地震风险评估提供途径。我们的项目致力于探索地震破裂的基本物理，并记录印度次大陆内的历史地震，包括公众和国家对这些事件的反应。这些努力有着千丝万缕的联系，涉及通过实验室实验、钻孔应力测量和地震监测相结合来区分板间区域和板内区域之间的特征，并开发更好的历史地震活动记录和对地震的响应。通过仔细研究应力条件、岩石性质、地震强度、震源特征和罕见的历史事件，我们的目标是提高印度关键地区风险分析的精确度。从这些活动中获得的知识将汇集在一起，通过教育地震危险的科学和历史性质以及开发改进决策的工具，制定一项针对普通民众(通过学校)和地方政府的教育和推广计划。该计划将提高公众对地震风险的认识，促进直截了当的救生措施，并制定更好的规划，以准备和应对未来的地震危险。