Forecasting radiation for the Lunar Gateway space station

从太阳向外流出的磁化等离子体产生了一个被称为“日光层”的宇宙等离子体结构，延伸到100 Au。来自超新星和超新星的银河宇宙射线（GCR）以及来自太阳的太阳高能粒子（SEP）对航天器和宇航员在地球磁场的保护影响之外的旅行构成了重大的辐射风险。它们通过日光层向近地空间的传播对于月球探测器至关重要，以便将来能够对月球和更远的地方进行探索。该项目将利用太阳风和日冕物质抛射模型模拟GCR和SEP通过日光层的传播，并与天基测量结果进行比较。该项目的重点将是即将于2025年发射的月球门户空间站，该空间站将作为未来探索月球南极和火星的基地。具体的重点领域包括：利用最新的观测限制建立越来越具有代表性的日光层模型;研究相对论粒子进入顺月空间和月球门户轨道的情况;建立高能粒子与日冕物质抛射相互作用的模型。该项目得益于参与与月球通道和Artemis方案有关的美国航天局/欧空局/中国科学院/日本宇宙航空研究开发机构通道太阳物理学和空间辐射工作组，相关旅行可能构成该项目的一部分。

The magnetised plasma streaming outward from the Sun creates a cosmic plasma structure termed 'the heliosphere', extending out to 100 au. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) originating from supernovae and pulsars, and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) sourced from the Sun, present a major radiation risk for spacecraft and astronauts travelling out beyond the protective influence of the Earth's magnetic field. Their propagation through the heliosphere to near-Earth space is essential to characterise to enable future exploration efforts to the Moon and beyond. The project will simulate the propagation of GCRs and SEPs through the heliosphere using models of the solar wind and coronal mass ejections and compare to space-based measurements. A focus for this project will be the upcoming Lunar Gateway Space Station, due to launch in 2025, which will act as a base for future exploration of the lunar south-pole and Mars. Specific areas of focus include modelling an increasingly representative heliosphere using the latest observational constraints; examining relativistic particle access to cis-lunar space and Lunar Gateway orbits; and modelling the interactions of energetic particles with coronal mass ejections. This project benefits from involvement in the NASA/ESA/CAS/JAXA Gateway Heliophysics and Space Radiation Working Group associated with the Lunar Gateway and Artemis programme and associated travel may form a part of the project.