Chemical and toxicological properties of aerosol emissions subject to atmospheric processing

经大气处理的气溶胶排放物的化学和毒理学特性

• 批准号: 2880658
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880658
• 关键词: Chemical; toxicological; properties; aerosol; emissions

We need to account for atmospheric aerosol emissions not just in terms of directly emitted particulate matter but also gases that may form secondary particulate matter through atmospheric processing. However, we currently lack sufficient fundamental scientific understanding governing the chemical formation and toxicological impacts of these aerosols. This project seeks to develop this from the EPSRC physical sciences research area, but with an interdisciplinary thematic broadening sabbatical (TBS) crossing into toxicology.Oxidation flow reactors (OFR) can provide a standardised method of simulating atmospheric processes on sources of emission, and thus a method of quantifying the aerosol-forming potential of these emissions. This can help inform emission inventories and account for transboundary pollution contributions. This PhD will develop and apply a new protocol for the generation of these aerosols using the newly commercialised Dekati OFR and quantitatively investigate the processes governing long-range PM formation and human health impactsThis work will build on previous experience gained during the NERC HIP-Tox consortium grant, where a number of standardised and repeatable sources (e.g. wood stove, cooking, diesel engine) have been used to generate emissions, injecting them into a large photochemical reaction chamber. This complex methodology is unsuitable for routine emission evaluation, and the infrastructural requirements too burdensome to systematically explore the range of secondary pollutants across emission sources and atmospheric conditions. This PhD will aim to create similar atmospheric processing simulations using the Dekati OFR. The operating conditions of the OFR will be optimised to simulate various chemical regimes and the effect of this on the mass and the composition of the aerosol will be quantified using state of the art aerosol instrumentation at Manchester, including aerosol mass spectrometers. This unique combination of previous work to provide the chemical and toxicological basis for the experiments for these real-world sources will provide new important insights to the fundamental processes.The project aims to develop a protocol for the generation and quantification of secondary and aged primary aerosols using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), applicable to a range of important real-world sources, and to subject these to chemical and toxicological analysis. These results can be used to inform models of atmospheric chemical transport models and public health impacts of air pollution. This will focus on the following specific objectives:1. Characterise the physical and chemical transformations induced by the OFR on the following aerosol sources, using a variety of on- and offline chemical analytical techniquesa. Euro 6 diesel engineb. Wood burning stove (using a variety of fuels)c. Domestic food preparationand further opportunistic exploration of a range of other secondary sources2. Optimise the conditions with the OFR to be most representative of regional atmospheric ageing, to provide new insight into long range impacts of pollution sources on air quality, with a focus on possible changes to atmospheric conditions in a changing climate.3. Further develop a method of sampling the aerosol into a physiologically relevant media, based on a detailed compositional analysis of lung lining fluids, suitable for toxicological assessment, without capturing excessive amounts of gaseous oxidants, for the purposes of evaluating the impacts of chemical processing and secondary aerosol formation on health.

我们需要考虑到大气气溶胶的排放，不仅是直接发射的颗粒物，而且还可以通过大气加工形成二次颗粒物的气体。但是，我们目前缺乏有关这些气溶胶的化学形成和毒理学影响的基本科学理解。该项目旨在从EPSRC物理科学研究领域开发这种项目，但是通过跨学科的主题扩大休假（TBS）越过毒理学。氧化流动反应器（OFR）可以提供一种标准化的方法，可以在发射源上模拟大气过程，从而可以量化这些Aerosolol构成潜能的方法。这可以有助于告知排放库存并说明跨界污染的贡献。 This PhD will develop and apply a new protocol for the generation of these aerosols using the newly commercialised Dekati OFR and quantitatively investigate the processes governing long-range PM formation and human health impactsThis work will build on previous experience gained during the NERC HIP-Tox consortium grant, where a number of standardised and repeatable sources (e.g. wood stove, cooking, diesel engine) have been used to generate emissions, injecting them into a大型光化学反应室。这种复杂的方法不适合常规排放评估，基础设施要求过于繁重，无法系统地探索跨排放源和大气条件的二级污染物的范围。该博士将旨在使用DEKATI OFR创建类似的大气加工模拟。将优化OFR的工作条件，以模拟各种化学状态，并且将使用曼彻斯特（包括气溶胶质谱器）的Aerosol仪器进行量子对气溶胶的质量和气溶胶成分进行量化。以前的工作为这些现实世界来源提供的化学和毒理学基础的独特组合将为基本过程提供新的重要见解。该项目旨在开发用于使用氧化流动反应器（OFR）的二级和老化原代气溶胶生成和定量的协议，适用于重要的现实分析和对这些重要的范围以及这些化学范围的范围以及这些化学范围。这些结果可用于为大气化学运输模型的模型和空气污染的公共卫生影响提供信息。这将集中在以下特定目标上：1。使用多种在线和离线化学分析技术中，由OFR在以下气溶胶源上引起的物理和化学转化表征。欧元6柴油发动机。燃木炉（使用各种燃料）c。国内食品制备和进一步探索其他一系列次要来源2。优化与OFR的条件最能代表区域大气老化，以提供对污染源对空气质量的远距离影响的新见解，重点是在不断变化的气候下可能改变大气条件的可能性。3。进一步开发了一种将气溶胶对生理相关培养基进行采样的方法，基于对肺部内膜液的详细组成分析，适合于毒理学评估，而无需捕获过量的气态氧化剂，以评估化学加工和二级气溶胶对健康的影响的目的。