Chemical and toxicological properties of aerosol emissions subject to atmospheric processing

经大气处理的气溶胶排放物的化学和毒理学特性

• 批准号: 2880658
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880658
• 关键词: Chemical; toxicological; properties; aerosol; emissions

We need to account for atmospheric aerosol emissions not just in terms of directly emitted particulate matter but also gases that may form secondary particulate matter through atmospheric processing. However, we currently lack sufficient fundamental scientific understanding governing the chemical formation and toxicological impacts of these aerosols. This project seeks to develop this from the EPSRC physical sciences research area, but with an interdisciplinary thematic broadening sabbatical (TBS) crossing into toxicology.Oxidation flow reactors (OFR) can provide a standardised method of simulating atmospheric processes on sources of emission, and thus a method of quantifying the aerosol-forming potential of these emissions. This can help inform emission inventories and account for transboundary pollution contributions. This PhD will develop and apply a new protocol for the generation of these aerosols using the newly commercialised Dekati OFR and quantitatively investigate the processes governing long-range PM formation and human health impactsThis work will build on previous experience gained during the NERC HIP-Tox consortium grant, where a number of standardised and repeatable sources (e.g. wood stove, cooking, diesel engine) have been used to generate emissions, injecting them into a large photochemical reaction chamber. This complex methodology is unsuitable for routine emission evaluation, and the infrastructural requirements too burdensome to systematically explore the range of secondary pollutants across emission sources and atmospheric conditions. This PhD will aim to create similar atmospheric processing simulations using the Dekati OFR. The operating conditions of the OFR will be optimised to simulate various chemical regimes and the effect of this on the mass and the composition of the aerosol will be quantified using state of the art aerosol instrumentation at Manchester, including aerosol mass spectrometers. This unique combination of previous work to provide the chemical and toxicological basis for the experiments for these real-world sources will provide new important insights to the fundamental processes.The project aims to develop a protocol for the generation and quantification of secondary and aged primary aerosols using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), applicable to a range of important real-world sources, and to subject these to chemical and toxicological analysis. These results can be used to inform models of atmospheric chemical transport models and public health impacts of air pollution. This will focus on the following specific objectives:1. Characterise the physical and chemical transformations induced by the OFR on the following aerosol sources, using a variety of on- and offline chemical analytical techniquesa. Euro 6 diesel engineb. Wood burning stove (using a variety of fuels)c. Domestic food preparationand further opportunistic exploration of a range of other secondary sources2. Optimise the conditions with the OFR to be most representative of regional atmospheric ageing, to provide new insight into long range impacts of pollution sources on air quality, with a focus on possible changes to atmospheric conditions in a changing climate.3. Further develop a method of sampling the aerosol into a physiologically relevant media, based on a detailed compositional analysis of lung lining fluids, suitable for toxicological assessment, without capturing excessive amounts of gaseous oxidants, for the purposes of evaluating the impacts of chemical processing and secondary aerosol formation on health.

我们不仅需要从直接排放的颗粒物的角度，而且还需要从通过大气处理可能形成二次颗粒物的气体的角度来考虑大气气溶胶排放。然而，我们目前对这些气溶胶的化学形成和毒理学影响缺乏足够的基本科学认识。该项目旨在从EPSRC的物理科学研究领域发展这一点，但与跨学科的主题拓宽休假（TBS）交叉到toxicology.Oxidation flow reactors（OFR）可以提供一个标准化的方法来模拟排放源的大气过程，从而量化这些排放物的气溶胶形成潜力的方法。这有助于为排放清单提供信息，并说明跨界污染的贡献。该博士将开发和应用一种新的协议，用于使用新商业化的Dekati OFR生成这些气溶胶，并定量研究管理远程PM形成和人类健康影响的过程这项工作将建立在NERC HIP-Tox财团资助期间获得的经验基础上，其中许多标准化和可重复的来源例如，在一些情况下，燃烧室（如柴炉、烹饪、柴油发动机）被用来产生排放物，将它们注入大型光化学反应室。这种复杂的方法不适合常规排放评估，并且基础设施要求过于繁重，无法系统地探索跨排放源和大气条件的二次污染物范围。这个博士学位的目标是使用Dekati OFR创建类似的大气处理模拟。OFR的操作条件将被优化，以模拟各种化学制度，这对气溶胶的质量和成分的影响将使用曼彻斯特最先进的气溶胶仪器，包括气溶胶质谱仪进行量化。这一独特的结合以往的工作，提供了化学和毒理学基础的实验，这些现实世界的来源将提供新的重要见解的基本过程。该项目旨在制定一个协议的产生和量化的二次和老化的初级气溶胶使用氧化流反应器（OFR），适用于一系列重要的现实世界的来源，并对其进行化学和毒理学分析。这些结果可用于为大气化学传输模型和空气污染对公众健康的影响提供信息。这将侧重于以下具体目标：1.使用各种在线和离线化学分析技术，描述OFR对以下气溶胶源引起的物理和化学变化。欧6柴油发动机木材燃烧炉（使用各种燃料）c。国内粮食储备和对一系列其他二级来源的进一步机会性探索2。优化OFR的条件，使其最能代表区域大气老化，为污染源对空气质量的长期影响提供新的见解，重点关注气候变化中大气条件的可能变化。基于肺衬液的详细成分分析，进一步开发一种将气溶胶取样到生理相关介质中的方法，适用于毒理学评估，而不会捕获过量的气态氧化剂，以评估化学加工和二次气溶胶形成对健康的影响。