Chemical and toxicological properties of aerosol emissions subject to atmospheric processing

经大气处理的气溶胶排放物的化学和毒理学特性

• 批准号: 2880658
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880658
• 关键词: Chemical; toxicological; properties; aerosol; emissions

We need to account for atmospheric aerosol emissions not just in terms of directly emitted particulate matter but also gases that may form secondary particulate matter through atmospheric processing. However, we currently lack sufficient fundamental scientific understanding governing the chemical formation and toxicological impacts of these aerosols. This project seeks to develop this from the EPSRC physical sciences research area, but with an interdisciplinary thematic broadening sabbatical (TBS) crossing into toxicology.Oxidation flow reactors (OFR) can provide a standardised method of simulating atmospheric processes on sources of emission, and thus a method of quantifying the aerosol-forming potential of these emissions. This can help inform emission inventories and account for transboundary pollution contributions. This PhD will develop and apply a new protocol for the generation of these aerosols using the newly commercialised Dekati OFR and quantitatively investigate the processes governing long-range PM formation and human health impactsThis work will build on previous experience gained during the NERC HIP-Tox consortium grant, where a number of standardised and repeatable sources (e.g. wood stove, cooking, diesel engine) have been used to generate emissions, injecting them into a large photochemical reaction chamber. This complex methodology is unsuitable for routine emission evaluation, and the infrastructural requirements too burdensome to systematically explore the range of secondary pollutants across emission sources and atmospheric conditions. This PhD will aim to create similar atmospheric processing simulations using the Dekati OFR. The operating conditions of the OFR will be optimised to simulate various chemical regimes and the effect of this on the mass and the composition of the aerosol will be quantified using state of the art aerosol instrumentation at Manchester, including aerosol mass spectrometers. This unique combination of previous work to provide the chemical and toxicological basis for the experiments for these real-world sources will provide new important insights to the fundamental processes.The project aims to develop a protocol for the generation and quantification of secondary and aged primary aerosols using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), applicable to a range of important real-world sources, and to subject these to chemical and toxicological analysis. These results can be used to inform models of atmospheric chemical transport models and public health impacts of air pollution. This will focus on the following specific objectives:1. Characterise the physical and chemical transformations induced by the OFR on the following aerosol sources, using a variety of on- and offline chemical analytical techniquesa. Euro 6 diesel engineb. Wood burning stove (using a variety of fuels)c. Domestic food preparationand further opportunistic exploration of a range of other secondary sources2. Optimise the conditions with the OFR to be most representative of regional atmospheric ageing, to provide new insight into long range impacts of pollution sources on air quality, with a focus on possible changes to atmospheric conditions in a changing climate.3. Further develop a method of sampling the aerosol into a physiologically relevant media, based on a detailed compositional analysis of lung lining fluids, suitable for toxicological assessment, without capturing excessive amounts of gaseous oxidants, for the purposes of evaluating the impacts of chemical processing and secondary aerosol formation on health.

我们不仅需要考虑直接排放的颗粒物，还需要考虑可能通过大气处理形成二次颗粒物的气体。然而，我们目前对这些气溶胶的化学形成和毒理学影响缺乏足够的基础科学了解。该项目试图从EPSRC物理科学研究领域发展这一点，但跨学科的主题拓宽休假(TBS)交叉到毒理学。氧化流动反应器(OFR)可以提供一种标准化的方法来模拟关于排放源的大气过程，从而提供一种量化这些排放的气溶胶形成潜力的方法。这有助于告知排放清单，并说明越境污染的贡献。该博士将开发和应用使用新商业化的Dekati OFR产生这些气溶胶的新方案，并定量研究管理远程PM形成和对人类健康影响的过程。这项工作将建立在NERC Hip-Tox财团资助期间获得的先前经验的基础上，在该项目中，许多标准化和可重复的来源(例如柴火、烹饪、柴油发动机)被用于产生排放，将其注入大型光化学反应室。这种复杂的方法不适合常规的排放评估，基础设施要求过于繁重，无法系统地探索不同排放源和大气条件下的二次污染物范围。该博士将致力于使用Dekati OFR创建类似的大气处理模拟。OFR的运行条件将被优化，以模拟各种化学状态，这对气溶胶质量和组成的影响将使用曼彻斯特最先进的气溶胶仪器，包括气溶胶质谱仪进行量化。这项为这些真实来源的实验提供化学和毒理学基础的独特工作组合，将为基本过程提供新的重要见解。该项目旨在开发一种使用氧化流动反应器(OFR)产生和量化二次和老化初级气溶胶的方案，适用于一系列重要的真实来源，并对这些气溶胶进行化学和毒理学分析。这些结果可用于大气化学传输模型和空气污染对公众健康影响的模型。这项工作将侧重于以下具体目标：1.利用各种在线和离线化学分析技术，描述氧自由基对下列气溶胶来源造成的物理和化学变化a。6欧元柴油发动机。烧木柴的炉子(使用多种燃料)c.家庭食物的准备和对其他一系列二手资源的进一步机会主义探索2。与OFR一起优化条件，使其最能代表区域大气老化，为污染源对空气质量的长期影响提供新的见解，重点是气候变化时大气条件可能发生的变化。根据对肺部衬里液体的详细成分分析，在不捕获过量气态氧化剂的情况下，进一步制定一种将气溶胶采样到生理相关介质中的方法，以评估化学处理和二次气溶胶形成对健康的影响。