Development of framework and recommendations for indigenous engagement and participation in water governance: A comparative case study of the Philippi

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Agenda 21 of the UN Conference on Environment and Development, states that environmental issues are best addressed with participation of all concerned citizens (UNCED, 1992). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all 193 UN member states, reaffirmed the importance of participation in all sustainable development processes, with a direct reference to Indigenous peoples. (UNDESA, 2015). Participation increases public acceptance and support for water policies, enhances problem-solving, helps avoid scale mismatches, and improves local water monitoring and service delivery (Akhmouch & Clavreul, 2016; Van Buuren, Van Meerkerk, & Tortajada, 2019). Current international water governance frameworks do not actively encourage meaningful Indigenous participation. As a result, this PhD project aims to identify improvements to indigenous engagement and participation in water governance. Based on a range of social science methods a comparative case study of British Columbia and the Philippines will be used to identify the key barriers and enablers to Indigenous engagement, the Indigenous values and norms that enable water governance and how these can be effectively integrated in customary water governance models in each country. Through this comparative analysis recommendations for participatory water governance frameworks that incorporate Indigenous knowledge, for both the Global North and Global South, will be made.