Neurocognitive mechanisms of control over cognitive stability and flexibility

控制认知稳定性和灵活性的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 10709062
• 负责人: Tobias Egner
• 金额: $ 47.64万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2028-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10709062
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Allium cepa; Anterior; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basal Ganglia; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer Models; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Set; Diffusion; Electroencephalography; Environment; Exposure to; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Geometry; Goals; Human; Impairment; Investigation; Lateral; Learning; Life; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monitor; Neuroanatomy; Neurocognitive; Neurologic; Parietal; Patients; Phase; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Reaction Time; Readiness; Reading; Recipe; Regulation; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Site; Slice; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Variant; Work; adjudication; base; behavior test; blood flow measurement; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive process; cognitive reappraisal; cooking; cost; distraction; flexibility; innovation; learning algorithm; millisecond; neural; neuromechanism; novel; response; simulation; stimulus processing; success; temporal measurement

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Humans have a uniquely developed ability to impose internal goals on how they interact with their environment. Referred to as “cognitive control”, this capacity includes two core components: (1) the ability to focus attention on currently goal-relevant stimulus features and responses (a “task set”) while ignoring task-irrelevant features (cognitive stability); and (2) the ability to switch to a different task set when circumstances change (cognitive flexibility). Crucially, to thrive in a dynamic environment, we need to continuously adapt our levels of cognitive stability and flexibility to suit changing demands. E.g., when cooking a meal, needs for stability (e.g., a strong task-focus when slicing onion) and flexibility (e.g., rapid shifting between recipe reading and stovetop monitoring) change frequently over time. The strategic regulation of stability and flexibility is thus fundamental for success in everyday life, and is in fact severely impaired in many clinical conditions. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are poorly understood. This is due to the fact that, while there are large literatures on cognitive stability (in the shape of conflict-control studies) and flexibility (in the shape of task-switching studies), these processes have been either investigated in isolation, conflated, or not interrogated in terms of their dynamic adaptation. The present proposal seeks to overcome these barriers to progress by combining a novel task protocol that assesses simultaneous and independent adaptive shifts in stability and flexibility with computational modeling, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and intracranial electro- encephalography (iEEG). Our overall goal is to characterize the neurocognitive mechanisms of concurrent, strategic control over cognitive stability and flexibility. We triangulate this goal via three aims: Aim 1 seeks to establish the first computational model of concurrent stability and flexibility regulation by fitting and simulating behavioral data from protocols with time-varying demands on stability and flexibility (Studies 1 and 2). Our working model consists of two independent reinforcement learners making trial-by-trial predictions about forthcoming demands on stability (conflict- likelihood) and flexibility (switch-likelihood), which in turn modulate distinct within-trial drift-diffusion model parameters. Aim 2 employs the winning model to determine the neural mechanisms mediating these adjustments in stability and flexibility. Building on a large prior literature, we use complementary fMRI (Study 3) and iEEG (Study 4) approaches to test specific neuroanatomical hypotheses about the respective roles of the lateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the basal ganglia, in supporting the proactive adaptation of stability and flexibility to time-varying demands. Finally, Aim 3 will use fMRI to characterize the neural reinstatement of context- appropriate stability and flexibility settings when they are applied reactively, i.e., in response to specific demand- predicting stimuli (Study 5). Together, these complementary aims represent the first systematic investigation into the computational and neural mechanisms underlying the concurrent regulation of cognitive stability and flexibility. This innovative project will significantly advance our understanding of the neurocomputational bases of cognitive control, and lay the groundwork for identifying potential failure modes of stability and flexibility regulation in clinical conditions.

项目总结/文摘