Solar Orbiter: Studies of the Origins and Dynamics of the Solar Wind Charged Particle Populations

了解太阳和太阳风之间的联系是太阳物理学和空间/日光层物理学的关键目标，它涉及控制质量和能量通过日冕进入行星际空间的传输的多个物理过程。除了确定稳定的快速和缓慢风类型的起源和驱动因素外，它还有助于我们进一步了解太阳发生的瞬态和爆炸性事件，以及这些扰动如何随太阳风传播或通过太阳风传播，并最终影响地球空间环境。考虑到空间和地球基础设施的脆弱性，迫切需要了解这些“空间天气”现象背后的物理原理，从太阳到地球，以促进预测和预测。该项目的研究将由该学生承担，旨在揭示支撑太阳-太阳风联系的一些过程，解决太阳风释放驱动因素的本质问题，活跃区域的作用，日冕洞在加速不同类型风中的作用，以及导致CME中质量和能量爆炸释放的太阳动力学。该学生将开发并使用一种方法，该方法以分析来自太阳轨道飞行器的遥感和原位数据为中心，特别是MSSL仪器EUI和SWA（以及其他适当的支持数据集），可用于建立太阳风与其源区域之间的联系，从而开辟解决这些“连接科学”问题的途径。

Understanding the connections between the Sun and the solar wind is a key goal for both solar physics and space/heliospheric physics, and it involves multiple physical processes that control the transport of mass and energy through the corona and into interplanetary space. As well as determining the origins and drivers of steady fast and slow wind types, it is critical to also further our understanding of transient and explosive events occurring at the Sun, and how such disturbances propagate with or through the solar wind and may ultimately impact the Earth space environment. Considering the vulnerability of both space- and Earth-based infrastructure, there is a pressing need to understand the physics behind these 'space-weather' phenomenon, from Sun to Earth, in order to facilitate forecasts and predictions. The research to be undertaken by the student on this project aims to reveal some of the processes underpinning the Sun-solar wind connection, addressing questions of the nature of the drivers of solar wind release, the roles of active regions, coronal holes in accelerating different types of wind, and the dynamics of the Sun leading to explosive release of mass and energy in a CME. The student will develop and use a methodology which is centred around analysis of both remote sensing and in situ data from Solar Orbiter, particularly the MSSL instruments EUI and SWA (with other supporting datasets as appropriate), which can be used to establish the links between the solar wind and its source region and thus open the pathway to address and solve these 'connection science' issues.