Carceral Communities: Serious Offenders, Secondary Stigmatisation, and Collateral Harms of Imprisonment

监狱社区：重罪犯、二次污名以及监禁的附带伤害

• 批准号: 2884051
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2884051
• 关键词: Carceral; Communities; Serious; Offenders; Secondary

A coherent theoretical understanding of stigma has long pervaded the academic imagination, as divergent stigma-concepts have both contextualised and problematised normative frameworks. As an object of criminological evaluation, the consequences of stigmatisation connote a distinctive pattern of marginalisation for offenders and their families--in which penal power is exercised to maintain hierarchies of oppression. Erving Goffman's book Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (1963) introduced the formative definition of stigma still widely adopted by social scientists. Yet, as Hinshaw rightly suggests, '[t]here has been an explosive growth of research and theorising about stigma in the decades since Goffman's conceptualisation' (Hinshaw 2009: 25). Criminology, however, has proven hesitant to disrupt settled meanings of stigma--leaving questions as to what stigma is and how it might be weaponised as an extension of the carceral state. Further to this, a recent disciplinary preoccupation with the 'collateral effects' of mass imprisonment on the families of prisoners (Hagan and Dinovitzer 1999: 121) has rendered visible the role of stigma in constructing a class of citizens deemed responsible for and complicit in their relative's offence. Applying Cooper and Whyte's (2017: 3) analysis of stigma as 'a bureaucratised form of violence' to the contemporary family, this study advocates for an 'inclusive' sociology of punishment that legitimates the prisoner's family as a dynamic participant in criminogenic worldmaking. Furthermore, this thesis introduces a theoretical reconsideration of stigma as a political tool operated by state actors to subjugate marginalised communities by way of criminal legal mechanisms. Adopting Foucault and Rancière's notion of subjectivity as the 'double face of self-making and being made' (Krause and Schramm 2011: 128) --and using the United States as an illustrative case study--I contend that the experiences of prisoners' families can be mapped onto broader arguments around stigma, carceral citizenship, and power, providing the first full-length consideration of the family as an active political subject.

一个连贯的理论理解的耻辱一直弥漫着学术想象力，作为不同的耻辱概念都contextualised和问题化的规范框架。作为犯罪学评估的一个对象，污名化的后果意味着罪犯及其家人被边缘化的独特模式-在这种模式中，行使刑罚权力是为了维持压迫的等级制度。Erving Goffman的书《Stigma》：1963年出版的《被宠坏的身份管理笔记》（Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity）介绍了污名的形成性定义，该定义至今仍被社会科学家广泛采用。然而，正如Hinshaw正确地指出的那样，“自从Goffman提出概念以来，几十年来关于污名的研究和理论化出现了爆炸性增长”（Hinshaw 2009：25）。然而，犯罪学已经被证明不愿意破坏污名的既定含义-留下了关于污名是什么以及它如何被武器化作为监狱状态的延伸的问题。除此之外，最近一项关于大规模监禁对囚犯家属的“附带影响”的纪律关注（Hagan and Dinovitzer 1999：121）已经使污名在构建一个被认为对其亲属的罪行负有责任和同谋的公民阶层方面的作用变得显而易见。应用库珀和怀特（2017：3）的分析耻辱作为“官僚形式的暴力”，以当代家庭，这项研究主张一个“包容性”的惩罚社会学，合法化的囚犯的家庭作为一个动态的参与者在犯罪的世界制造。此外，本文介绍了一个理论上的耻辱作为一种政治工具，由国家行为者通过刑事法律的机制征服边缘化社区的重新思考。采用福柯和朗西埃的主体性概念作为“自我创造和被创造的双重面孔”（Krause and Schramm 2011：128）--并以美国为例进行说明性案例研究--我认为，囚犯家庭的经历可以映射到围绕耻辱、监狱公民身份和权力的更广泛的争论中，第一次将家庭作为一个积极的政治主体进行了全面审议。