Enabling Skills for Transitions to a Green Economy

向绿色经济转型需要拥有正确（绿色）技能的劳动力，但对于不同地区、行业和企业来说，什么是“正确”，以及如何做到“正确”，人们却知之甚少。对于大多数企业（它们不会发明绿色技术和流程）来说，采用和推广绿色技术和流程至关重要。这种采用所需的技能可能与技术开发中使用的技能有很大不同。关于当地绿色技能和任何短缺的影响的证据非常有限，没有关于企业如何与当地劳动力市场互动以引进这些绿色技能的系统证据。拟议的项目将有助于目前有限的学术研究，以回答以下问题：绿色技能的可用性、绿色技能短缺对区域绿色转型的影响，以及解决短缺和促进转型的政策选择。该项目将由阿斯顿大学和伯明翰大学联合资助，汇集来自不同背景的学者的专业知识。该项目将探讨以下方面的最新进展：1)绿色技能的需求和供应；2)技能短缺对就业和当地劳动力市场的影响；3)不同国家和地区实施了哪些绿色技能政策。它将使用大型微观数据集，结合先进的计量经济学技术来估计英国地区绿色工作的水平和对绿色技能的需求，并将它们与绿色技能的供应进行对比。这一分析将确定在不同的次国家空间尺度（英国的不同地区）有什么短缺（如果有的话）。计量经济模型将在企业层面探索这种短缺的后果，并了解个人和企业的技能提升特征。定性证据（访谈和焦点小组）将加深我们对这些问题的理解。这种定性方法可以洞察雇主的决策和优先事项，并回答“为什么”他们在解决技能不足方面的行为。该项目的实证研究结果将为地方和国家层面的政策制定提供信息，以帮助弥合绿色技能差距。它将把调查结果与技能政策分析结合起来，概述提高当地绿色技能的政策选择，并评估在英国应用这些政策的可行性。尤其重要的是，维持英国较贫困地区的包容性增长，提出促进繁荣的有效政策。

The transition to a green economy requires a workforce with the right (green) skills but what is "right" and how to get it "right" for different regions, industries, and businesses is less well understood. For most businesses (that will not invent green technologies and processes), adoption and diffusion of green technologies and processes are crucial. The skills required for this adoption may differ considerably from those used in technology development. The evidence on local green skills and the impact of any shortages is much limited with no systematic evidence on how businesses interact with local labour markets to bring in these green skills. The proposed project will contribute to the currently limited academic research to answer questions on the availability of green skills, the impact of green skill shortages on regional green transitions and the policy options to address shortages and facilitate transitions. The project will be a joint studentship between Aston University and the University of Birmingham, bringing together the expertise of academics from different backgrounds. The project will explore the current state-of-the-art on i) demand and supply of green skills, ii) how jobs and local labour markets are affected by skills shortages and iii) what green skills policies have been implemented in different countries and regions. It will use large micro-datasets in combination with advanced econometric techniques to estimate the level of green jobs and the demand for green skills in UK regions and contrast them to the supply of green skills. This analysis will determine what are the shortages (if any) in different subnational spatial scales (different regions within the UK). Econometric modelling will explore the consequences of such shortages at firm level and understand the individual and firm characteristics for upskilling. Qualitative evidence (interviews and focus groups) will deepen our understanding of these issues. Such qualitative methods enable insights into employers' decision-making and priorities and answer 'why' they behave as they do in addressing skills deficiencies.The project's empirical findings will inform policy making decisions at the local and national level to help bridge green skills gaps. It will integrate findings with an analysis on skills policies to provide an overview of policy options for enhancing local green skills and evaluate the practicalities of applying these policies in the UK. Of particular importance will be the maintenance of inclusive growth in poorer parts of the UK, suggesting effective policies that promote prosperity.