Socialist-Feminism and the Conceptualisation of Work in the British Women's Liberation Movement, 1968-1999

全球冠状病毒封锁重新引发了关于家庭劳动分工和“工作”在社会中的地位的辩论（德尔马，2020年;霍根，2021年）。然而，这一主题在世纪中后期被社会主义女性主义（英语：Socialist-feminism）（英语：Socialist-fem这一时期是一个相当大的社会和政治变革，去工业化和新自由主义挑战了工作场所，家庭和家庭的传统观念（哈里森，2011）。社会主义女权主义者在这方面采取行动，试图瓦解父权制的资本主义社会，声称妇女受到经济上对男子的依赖的限制（坎贝尔和查尔顿，1978年; M/F Editorial，1978年）。工作对这一点至关重要，正如著名的社会主义女权主义者米歇尔·巴雷特所说：如果不理解女性的压迫，女性的压迫是无法解释的。工作和家庭中的劳动分工“（Barrett，1988年）。本研究将探讨这些概念，他们的分歧和交叉点在五个主题，以了解为什么社会主义女权主义从20世纪70年代初的一个活跃的竞技场的辩论，挑战工作和母亲之间的联系，一个努力理论化的增加，在女性兼职就业和高等教育水平在20世纪90年代末（西格尔，1987年; Skeggs，1995年）。BWLM包含了大量的社会转型运动的理论链，左派活动家的参与使社会主义女权主义从1968年开始获得支持和理论成熟（Bouchier，1983; Kennedy，2008; Binard，2017）。这项研究始于1968年的福特达格纳姆罢工，通常被认为是BWLM的创始事件，并在运动消失后的1999年结束（Bruley & Forster，2016; Watkins，2018）。这将允许审查如何增加女性就业，特别是职业母亲，迫使社会主义女权主义重新考虑工作的社会地位。Jolly's Sisterhood and After（2019）是这项研究的关键文本，因为它广泛地探索了BWLM的各种链和运动。莫斯（2019年）和史蒂文森（2016年和2019年）最近的出版物进一步强调了阶级和工作场所，以及这些如何有助于女性身份的形成。这些作品对于社会主义女权主义的工作概念的语境化，以及它们如何与这里作为案例研究的罢工和集体有关至关重要。最后，Stoller（2018）的工作对于研究家务劳动和BWLM非常重要，特别是家务劳动中的包容性困难。本研究将利用这些来探讨工作如何与政治和社会发展相结合，以塑造社会主义女性主义话语和不同形式的工作的女性经验。研究问题-社会主义女权主义如何使用工作作为探索马克思主义和女权主义之间的交叉点的一种方式？女性就业的变化如何影响社会主义女性主义对工作的理解？社会主义女权主义的工作理论是否反映了英国和左翼更广泛的政治和思想变化？社会主义女权主义在塑造性别工作场所平等运动方面的影响力如何？

Global coronavirus lockdowns reignited debates concerning the division of family labour and the place of 'work' in society (Delmar, 2020; Horgan, 2021). This theme was, however, examined in the mid- to late-20th century by socialist-feminism, a theoretical grouping with extensive influence in the British Women's Liberation Movement (BWLM). The period was one of considerable social and political change, with deindustrialisation and neoliberalism challenging traditional ideas of the workplace, the home, and the family (Harrison, 2011). Socialist-feminism acted within this to attempt to dismantle the patriarchal, capitalist society, asserting that women were constrained by their financial dependence on men (Campbell & Charlton, 1978; M/F Editorial, 1978). Work was paramount to this, as prominent socialist-feminist Michèle Barrett stated; female 'oppression is inexplicable without an understanding of...the division of labour at work and in the home' (Barrett, 1988). This research will explore these notions, their divergences and intersections across five themes to understand why socialist-feminism transitioned from being a lively arena of debate in the early-1970s that challenged the link between work and motherhood, to one that struggled to theorise increases in female part-time employment and higher education levels in the late-1990s (Segal, 1987; Skeggs, 1995). ContextThe BWLM contained a plethora of theoretical strands campaigning for societal transformation, with the involvement of leftist activists allowing socialist-feminism to grow in support and theoretical sophistication from 1968 (Bouchier, 1983; Kennedy, 2008; Binard, 2017). This research begins with the 1968 Ford Dagenham strike, often cited as the founding event of the BWLM, and ends in 1999 after the movement had dissipated (Bruley & Forster, 2016; Watkins, 2018). This will allow for an examination of how the rise of female employment, particularly working mothers, forced socialist-feminism to reconsider the societal position of work. Jolly's Sisterhood and After (2019) is a key text in this research for its extensive exploration of the BWLM's various strands and campaigns. Recent publications by Moss (2019) and Stevenson (2016 & 2019) further this in their emphasis on class and the workplace, and how these contributed to the formation of women's identities. These works are essential in contextualising socialist-feminist concepts of work, and how they related to the strikes and collectives used as case studies here. Finally, the work of Stoller (2018) is important for its examination of household work and the BWLM, especially the difficulties of inclusivity within domestic labour. This research will draw on these to explore how work intersected with political and societal developments to shape socialist-feminist discourse and characterise female experiences of different forms of work. Research Questions- How did socialist-feminism use work as a way of exploring the intersections between Marxism and feminism?- How did changes in female employment impact socialist-feminism's understanding of work?- Did socialist-feminist theories of work reflect wider political and intellectual changes in Britain and the left?- How influential was socialist-feminism in shaping campaigns for gender workplace equality?