Neural mechanisms of 3-D linear vestibuloocular reflex

3-D 线性前庭眼反射的神经机制

• 批准号: 7235617
• 负责人: CHIJU C CHEN-HUANG
• 金额: $ 24.76万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7235617
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acceleration; Accounting; Action Potentials; Address; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Bilateral; Brain Stem; Categories; Code; Complex; Contralateral; Data; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Epithelium; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Head; Image; Individual; Ipsilateral; Lateral; Linear Models; Liver Acinus Zone 3; Medial; Mediating; Modality; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Nature; Nerve; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Nose; Numbers; Oculomotor nucleus; Organ; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Problem Solving; Property; Range; Rotation; Semicircular canal structure; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Stimulus; Subgroup; Synapses; Testing; Translations; Vertebrates; Vision; Visual; design; eye velocity; fovea centralis; interest; neuromechanism; oculomotor; otoconia; programs; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sensor; vector; vestibulo-ocular reflex; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among the sensory modalities available to vertebrate animals, vision is most advantageous for it provides information in a wide three dimensional space with high acuity. Thus, redirecting our eyes to retain images of objects of interest on the fovea while we are in motion becomes a crucial motor function. The nervous system solves this problem by using short-latency vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) to generate eye movements that compensate for angular (angular VOR or AVOR) or linear (linear VOR or LVOR) motions of the head. Sensory inputs driving the AVOR and LVOR arise from different labyrinthine sensors (the semicircular canals and otolith organs, respectively). This means that, if as existing evidence suggests, the compensatory LVOR is built upon the phylogenetically older AVOR brainstem circuitry and thus both share a common premotor pathway, the linear acceleration signals coded by otolith afferents must be transformed to match the velocity-position signals generally observed on AVOR neurons. Likewise, the three-dimensional spatial directions of angular and linear motion signals must be brought into alignment. Complexity arises since different patterns of eye movements are evoked in response to high frequency linear motions, which generate translational LVORs, and to low frequency linear motions, which generate orienting (tilt) responses. Alternatively, AVOR, LVOR and tilt-related signals might be carried via separate VOR pathways converging upon extraocular motoneurons. Another unresolved issue is that the bilateral organization of otolith and canal sensory epithelia is quite different, and thus the bilateral "push-pull" mechanism in AVOR may not apply to LVOR. The four aims that follow are designed to address these and other related questions regarding coordinated VOR responses to angular and linear head motions. These aims are: Identify the synaptic connections of VOR neurons that project to oculomotor nuclei and receive direct VIIIth nerve inputs. Examine the spatial and temporal tuning properties of VORns during the AVOR, LVOR, smooth pursuit and fixation of targets at various viewing distances. Examine the bilateral organization of utriculus related inputs to VOR neurons. Examine responses of VORns during static tilts and low frequency earth-horizontal rotations that produce comparable acceleration to translations and examine how translation and tilt related signals are distributed in VOR pathways.

描述（由申请人提供）：在脊椎动物可用的感觉形态中，视觉是最有利的，因为它以高敏锐度提供宽三维空间中的信息。因此，当我们在运动时，重新引导我们的眼睛以保持中心凹上感兴趣的物体的图像成为一个关键的运动功能。神经系统通过使用短潜伏期前庭眼反射（VOR）来产生眼睛运动来补偿头部的角度（角度VOR或AVOR）或线性（线性VOR或LVOR）运动来解决这个问题。驱动AVOR和LVOR的感觉输入来自不同的听觉传感器（分别是半规管和耳石器官）。这意味着，如果如现有证据所示，代偿性LVOR是建立在遗传学上较老的AVOR脑干回路上的，因此两者共享一个共同的运动前通路，则耳石传入编码的线性加速度信号必须被转换以匹配通常在AVOR神经元上观察到的速度-位置信号。同样，角运动信号和线性运动信号的三维空间方向必须对齐。复杂性的出现是因为响应于产生平移LVOR的高频线性运动和产生定向（倾斜）响应的低频线性运动而诱发不同的眼球运动模式。另外，AVOR，LVOR和倾斜相关的信号可能通过单独的VOR途径进行会聚在眼外运动神经元上。另一个尚未解决的问题是，耳石和耳道感觉上皮的双侧组织是完全不同的，因此AVOR中的双侧“推拉”机制可能不适用于LVOR。下面的四个目标是为了解决这些和其他相关的问题，协调VOR响应角和线性头部运动。这些目标是： 识别投射到眼神经核并直接接收第VIII神经输入的VOR神经元的突触连接。 在不同的观察距离下，在AVOR、LVOR、平滑追踪和固定目标期间，检查VORN的空间和时间调谐特性。 检查与向VOR神经元的输入相关的椭圆囊的双侧组织。检查静态倾斜和低频地球水平旋转过程中VORs的响应，这些旋转产生与平移相当的加速度，并检查平移和倾斜相关信号如何分布在VOR路径中。