Reinforcing Effects of Alcohol During Group Formation

酒精在群体形成过程中的强化作用

• 批准号: 7267115
• 负责人: MICHAEL Andrew SAYETTE
• 金额: $ 22.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7267115
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Anxiety; Behavior; Belief; Beverages; Characteristics; Classification; Code; Condition; Control Groups; Data; Dependence; Dose; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Extroversion; Face; Facial Expression; Female; Gender; Gender Role; Goals; Individual; Laboratory Study; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Object Attachment; Outcome Study; Pattern; Personality; Personality Traits; Persons; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Play; Process; Psychological Theory; Psychologist; Range; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Role; Series; Smiling; Social Environment; Speech; Stage Grouping; Statistical Models; Stream; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Woman; Women' s Group; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol use disorder; digital; drinking; emotional experience; experience; follow-up; interest; male; member; men; men' s group; non-alcoholic; response; sex; social; social attachment; social integration; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social factors play a major role in alcohol use and dependence, but researchers rarely study the effects of alcohol in group settings. This project will systematically measure the effects of alcohol on positive and negative affect and social bonding during initial group formation, and determine if persons with personality traits posing a risk for alcoholism are more sensitive to these effects. Presumably, if such persons find effects of alcohol to be more rewarding, they will become more likely to rely on alcohol to regulate affect. Many of these traits are inherently social (e.g., extroversion), and this will be the first study to test their impact on the effects of alcohol in a social setting. Seven-hundred-twenty social drinkers will be assembled into 240 three-person groups of strangers (all female groups, groups with one male and two females, groups with two males and one female, and all male groups). All members of each group will drink over 30-min a moderate dose of alcohol (males: 0.82 g/kg; females: 0.74 g/kg), a placebo, or a nonalcoholic control drink. This group drinking period will be recorded using a digital control system that synchronizes multiple streams of video as interactions unfold over time. This system enables precise analysis of the duration and sequence of selected facial expressions and speech behaviors. The project will be informed by (a) social psychological theory and research on small groups, (b) advances in the systematic measurement of observed behavior, and (c) multi-level statistical modeling techniques that account for the nonindependence of group members. We will assess a variety of individual-level responses, including facial expressions related to positive and negative affect using Ekman et al's (2002) Facial Action Coding System. We also will assess a range of group-level responses, including coordination of smiling and speech behaviors. We predict that the belief that one has consumed alcohol will enhance positive affect, reduce negative affect (e.g., social anxiety), and facilitate social bonding during initial group formation (i.e., a placebo effect). Further, we predict that actual alcohol consumption will enhance social bonding processes beyond what is found with a placebo beverage. This study will be the first with sufficient power to comprehensively examine the moderating roles of gender and personality traits on the reinforcing effects of alcohol in groups. Regardless of the outcome, the study will provide critical data regarding observable effects of alcohol on social drinkers that will help illuminate the social and emotional determinants of drinking patterns and problems for men and women.

描述（由申请人提供）：社会因素在酒精使用和依赖中起着重要作用，但研究人员很少研究酒精在群体环境中的影响。该项目将系统地测量酒精对初始群体形成过程中的积极和消极影响以及社会联系的影响，并确定具有酗酒风险的人格特征的人是否对这些影响更敏感。据推测，如果这些人发现酒精的作用更有价值，他们将更有可能依赖酒精来调节情绪。这些特征中的许多是固有的社会性的（例如，这将是第一个测试他们在社会环境中对酒精影响的研究。720名社交饮酒者将被分成240个陌生人三人组（全女性组、一男两女组、两男一女组和全男性组）。每组的所有成员将在30分钟内饮用中等剂量的酒精（雄性：0.82 g/kg;雌性：0.74 g/kg）、安慰剂或非酒精对照饮料。这组饮酒时间将使用数字控制系统记录，随着时间的推移，随着互动的展开，该系统会播放多个视频流。该系统能够精确分析所选面部表情和言语行为的持续时间和顺序。 该项目将通过（a）社会心理学理论和对小群体的研究，（B）对观察到的行为进行系统测量的进展，以及（c）解释群体成员非独立性的多层次统计建模技术。我们将评估各种个人层面的反应，包括面部表情相关的积极和消极的影响使用埃克曼等人（2002年）面部动作编码系统。我们还将评估一系列群体水平的反应，包括微笑和言语行为的协调。 我们预测，一个人喝酒的信念会增强积极的影响，减少消极的影响（例如，社会焦虑），并在初始群体形成期间促进社会联系（即，安慰剂效应）。此外，我们预测，实际的酒精消费将增强社会联系过程，超出了安慰剂饮料。本研究将是第一个有足够的权力，全面考察性别和人格特质的调节作用，对酒精的强化效果的群体。无论结果如何，这项研究将提供有关酒精对社交饮酒者的可观察影响的关键数据，这将有助于阐明男性和女性饮酒模式和问题的社会和情感决定因素。