Optically Induced Anisometropia

光学引起的屈光参差

• 批准号: 7168216
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 36.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7168216
• 关键词: Ablation; Adult; Affect; Ametropias; Animals; Anisometropia; Area; Argon; Birth; Blindness; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Control Animal; Development; Dimensions; Etiology; Eye; Eyeglasses; Foundations; Goals; Growth; Human; Human Development; Image; Infant; Inferior; Knowledge; Lasers; Lead; Length; Lesion; Life; Light; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Mediating; Methods; Monkeys; Myopia; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Peripheral; Population; Primates; Property; Public Health; Purpose; Refractive Errors; Relative (related person); Research; Retina; Retinal; Risk Factors; Role; Sensory Disorders; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Techniques; Testing; Treatment Protocols; Variant; Vision; Visual; cost; deprivation; design; emmetropization; experience; fovea centralis; insight; lens; programs; research study; size; spatial integration; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors that are then maintained in both eyes throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and possibly increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30% of young adults in the USA have significant refractive errors). Refractive errors are a significant public health concern because in addition to the high costs and the complications associated with traditional optical and surgical correction strategies, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of human refractive errors. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development and to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth. Since many of the required experiments can not be conducted in humans, but our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to human development, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Controlled rearing strategies and optical and ultrasonographic measurement techniques will be used to determine: 1) the relative contributions of the central and peripheral retina to emmetropization and vision-dependent changes in eye growth. 2) the impact of peripheral refractive errors on emmetropization, and 3) the spatial integration characteristics of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth. These experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the role of visual experience that have largely been ignored in previous studies in humans. Overall the proposed studies are an important step in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. The results of these studies will potentially provide the foundation for new treatment and management strategies for human refractive errors.

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数婴儿出生后不久就会出现近正视性屈光不正，然后在整个儿童期和成年早期维持双眼屈光不正。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，一个显着的和可能增加的比例的人口发展异常屈光不正（目前约30%的年轻人在美国有显着的屈光不正）。屈光不正是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为除了与传统光学和手术矫正策略相关的高成本和并发症之外，屈光不正还可能导致永久性感觉障碍和导致失明的眼部异常。我们研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解人类屈光不正的病因。我们提出的研究的具体目标是确定视觉体验如何影响屈光发育，并表征调节眼睛生长的视觉依赖机制的操作特性。由于许多所需的实验无法在人类身上进行，但我们的目的是产生可应用于人类发展的知识，因此这些实验将使用恒河猴进行。控制饲养策略以及光学和超声测量技术将用于确定：1）中央和外周视网膜对眼睛生长中正视化和视觉依赖性变化的相对贡献。2)周边屈光不正对正视化的影响，以及3）调节眼睛生长的视觉依赖机制的空间整合特征。这些实验重点关注有关视觉体验作用的基本问题，这些问题在之前的人类研究中基本上被忽视了。总的来说，拟议的研究是确定视觉经验如何以及在多大程度上有助于常见的人类屈光不正的起源的重要一步。这些研究的结果将可能为人类屈光不正的新治疗和管理策略提供基础。