Modelling of advanced photovoltaic devices

先进光伏器件建模

• 批准号: 2887640
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2887640
• 关键词: Modelling; advanced; photovoltaic; devices

To move to a low-carbon future and avoid the worst effects of anthropogenic climate change, continuing reductions in the cost of renewable energy are required. Advanced tandem photovoltaic devices have emerged as key to achieving improvements in the efficiency of solar panels. Unlike traditional single-junction solar cells, which have one semiconductor material to absorb light, tandem solar cells consist of multiple semiconductor layers stacked on top of each other, each with a different bandgap. This allows them to absorb a wider portion of the sunlight which enables a much higher efficiency potential. Improvements in efficiency are crucial in reducing the price of solar electricity and will thus impact the deployment of this important renewable energy technology. The aim of this project is to develop new simulation techniques with the potential to advance the understanding of tandem solar cell devices. In particular, new simulation models are required to overcome the drawbacks of conventional single-junction solar cells where only a one semiconductor is evaluated. This project will extend the current modelling formalisms to a tandem architecture that captures the complexity of charge flow and losses in multijunction solar cell architectures, as well as ionic processes inside perovskite absorbers. Developing device models for tandem solar cells is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of the underlying physics and materials involved. This includes information such as the electrical properties of the semiconductors, such as bandgap, carrier mobility, carrier lifetime, and absorption coefficients. Understanding how light interacts with the materials is also crucial. The developed models should account for the absorption and reflection of incident light at each layer of the tandem, as well as the generation and recombination of electron-hole pairs (energetic charge carriers). The models will incorporate the electrical behaviour of the device, including the formation of built-in electric fields, charge transport, and extraction of generated carriers. This often involves solving semiconductor transport equations like the drift-diffusion or continuity equations. Most importantly, the tandem solar cells involve multiple semiconductor layers, and the interfaces between these layers can significantly impact device performance. Models should account for interface states, charge recombination, and band alignment at these interfaces. For validation, this project will involve electrical and optical characterisation of perovskite-silicon manufactured by our project partners (Oxford Physics and Oxford Photovoltaics), which can then be used to inform the development of finite element-based computer models to understand and optimise tandem solar cell devices. Overall, this work can impact the development of next-generation silicon-based photovoltaics and reduce the cost of solar energy.This project falls within the EPSRC Energy Solar Technology and Optoelectronic Devices and Circuits research areas.

为了走向低碳未来，避免人为气候变化的最坏影响，需要继续降低可再生能源的成本。先进的串联光伏器件已经成为实现太阳能电池板效率提高的关键。与传统的单结太阳能电池不同，它具有一种半导体材料来吸收光，串联太阳能电池由多个半导体层堆叠在一起，每个半导体层具有不同的带隙。这使得它们能够吸收更大部分的阳光，从而实现更高的效率潜力。提高效率对于降低太阳能电力价格至关重要，因此将影响这一重要可再生能源技术的部署。该项目的目的是开发新的模拟技术，有可能促进对串联太阳能电池器件的理解。特别是，需要新的模拟模型，以克服传统的单结太阳能电池，其中只有一个半导体进行评估的缺点。该项目将把目前的建模形式扩展到串联架构，以捕捉多结太阳能电池架构中电荷流动和损失的复杂性，以及钙钛矿吸收剂内部的离子过程。开发串联太阳能电池的器件模型是一项复杂的任务，需要深入了解所涉及的物理和材料。这包括诸如半导体的电性质的信息，诸如带隙、载流子迁移率、载流子寿命和吸收系数。了解光如何与材料相互作用也至关重要。所开发的模型应该考虑到在串联的每一层处入射光的吸收和反射，以及电子空穴对（高能电荷载流子）的产生和复合。这些模型将结合器件的电学行为，包括内置电场的形成、电荷传输和产生的载流子的提取。这通常涉及求解半导体输运方程，如漂移扩散方程或连续性方程。最重要的是，叠层太阳能电池涉及多个半导体层，这些层之间的界面会显著影响器件性能。模型应考虑界面状态，电荷复合，并在这些接口带对齐。为了验证，该项目将涉及由我们的项目合作伙伴（牛津物理和牛津光电）制造的钙钛矿-硅的电学和光学特性，然后可以用于通知基于有限元的计算机模型的开发，以了解和优化串联太阳能电池器件。总的来说，这项工作可以影响下一代硅基光电子器件的发展，并降低太阳能的成本。该项目福尔斯EPSRC能源太阳能技术和光电器件和电路的研究领域。