Fault Tolerant Current Limiting Superconducting Cable for Cryo-Electrified Systems

目前，铜和铝基电缆是最常见的设备，以提供所需的能源由costumersbut他们有高功率损耗，巨大的重量，和大尺寸[1]，[2]。高温超导（HTS）电缆是解决这些问题的一种方法，特别是对于连接到海上风力涡轮机的电网。高温超导电缆可以提供5-10倍的功率，并具有3-5倍的尺寸相比，其传统的铜同行[3]。这是由于与传统导体相比，高温超导材料具有更高的载流能力。此外，由于超导体的性质，HTS电缆中的能量损失量约为零。高温超导电缆是电力运输应用以及电力系统设备的一种有前途的选择，特别是那些有风力发电场的设备。虽然高温超导电缆提供了广泛的能量传输机会，但它们非常容易受到故障电流的影响，因为故障期间温度会迅速上升。因此，这不仅会危及电力系统的安全性和稳定性，而且还会引起经济问题，因为当高温超导电缆因高温（高于400 K）而被隔离时，能量传输将停止[4]，[5]。这就是“容错限流（FTCL）”HTS电缆可以作为可行解决方案发挥重要作用的地方。在这个博士课程中，我们的目标是设计和开发一种实验室规模的FTCL-HTS电缆，该电缆能够容忍数百个周期的短路故障，而不会烧毁。这种电缆可以进一步用于电网应用，电气化运输，如高速列车，电动船和氢电飞机。

Currently, copper-and-aluminum-based cables are the most common devices to deliver the demanded energy by the costumersbut they have high power loss, massive weight, and large size [1],[2]. High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable is a solution to these problems, especially for grids connected to offshore wind turbines. HTS cables can deliver 5-10 times higher power and have 3-5 times compacter sized compared to their conventional copper counterparts [3]. This is due to higher current carrying capacity of HTS materials compared with conventional conductors. Also, due to the nature of superconductors, the amount of energy loss in HTS cables is about zero. The HTS cables are a promising option for electric transportation applications as well as for power system apparatuses, especially those with wind farms.Although HTS cables offer a wide range of opportunities for energy transfer, they are highly vulnerable against fault currents,due to that the rapid temperature rise during faults. Consequently, this would not only jeopardize the safety and stability of power system but also, will cause economic concerns as energy transfer would be stopped when HTS cable is isolated because of high temperature (above 400 K) [4],[5]. This is where "fault tolerant current limiting (FTCL)" HTS cable can play a significant role as a feasible solution. In this PhD program, we aim to design and develop a lab-scale FTCL-HTS cable that is able to tolerate short circuit faults for hundreds of cycles without the possibility of burnout. This cable could be further used in power grid applications, electrified transportations such as high-speed trains, electric ships, and hydrogen-electric aircraft.