A Culturally Specific Intervention for Latino Families

描述（由申请人提供）：拉丁美洲人是美国增长最快的族群，但我们对风险和保护机制的理解远远落后于增长速度。我们确实知道，对于许多拉丁裔年轻人来说，随着他们和他们的家庭经历文化适应过程，药物使用/滥用的风险大大增加。此外，数据表明，他们更有可能受到药物使用的共病影响和后果（例如，学业失败、监禁、健康状况不佳）。理论模型表明，文化适应过程与其他背景因素（如社会经济地位、社会支持过程）一起，通过影响更近的变量（如养育实践），间接地对青少年适应产生影响。虽然许多预防措施针对的是非少数族裔家庭的育儿实践，但很少有干预模式经过测试，针对拉丁裔家庭的文化特定风险和保护因素。拟议的研究将通过进行一项随机的纵向疗效试验来填补这一空白，该试验是根据俄勒冈社会学习中心的家长管理培训模式进行的，针对特定文化的预防性干预。该项目在NIDA的支持下开发了四年，将在240个有六年级到八年级孩子的拉丁裔家庭中进行抽样评估。50%的家庭将被分配到干预组，50%的家庭将被分配到对照组。样本还将根据焦点儿童的出生状态（即50%在美国出生，50%在国外出生）进行封锁。所有家庭将在大约两年的时间内使用多种方法和代理人在五个点进行评估。该项目的目的是：(1)检验拉丁裔家庭在减少家庭压力、改善有效的育儿实践、降低青少年吸毒和相关问题风险方面的文化特异性父母培训干预的效果；(2)考察青年出生状况、青年性别和较高的青年问题行为初始水平对干预的潜在差异效应；(3)通过确定青少年药物使用风险轨迹和相关行为健康问题的变化是否被干预相关的针对性育儿实践的变化所介导，来检验干预的理论基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Latinos make up the fastest growing ethnic subgroup in the U.S., yet our understanding about mechanisms of risk and protection has lagged far behind the growth rate. We do know that, for many Latino youngsters, risk for substance use/abuse grows substantially as they and their families move through the acculturation process. Moreover, data indicate that they are at greater risk for the co-morbid effects and consequences of substance use (e.g., school failure, incarceration, poor health). Theoretical models suggest that acculturation processes, along with other contextual factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, social support processes), exert their effects on youngster adjustment indirectly, by impacting more proximal variables (i.e., parenting practices). While numerous prevention efforts have targeted parenting practices in mostly non-minority families, few intervention models have been tested that address culturally specific risk and protective factors for Latino families. The proposed study will help fill this gap by conducting a randomized longitudinal efficacy trial of a culturally specific preventive intervention adapted from the Oregon Social Learning Center's Parent Management Training model. The program, developed over four years with the support of NIDA, will be evaluated in a sample of 240 Latino families with youngsters in the 6th through 8th grade. Fifty percent of the families will be assigned to the intervention condition, and 50% will be assigned to the control condition. The sample will also be blocked on the focal youngsters' nativity status (i.e., 50% U.S-bom and 50% foreign- bom). All families will be assessed using multiple methods and agents at five points over approximately a two-year period. The project aims are to: (1) examine the efficacy of a culturally specified parent training intervention for Latino families on decreasing family stress, improving effective parenting practices, and reducing youngster risk for substance use and related problems; (2) examine potential differential effects of the intervention as a function of youth nativity status, youth gender, and higher initial levels of youth problem behaviors; and (3) test the theory underlying the intervention by determining whether changes in youngster trajectories towards risk for substance use and related behavioral health problems are mediated by intervention related changes to targeted parenting practices.