The role of length of residency in first language grammatical attrition

如果a) L2输入中的相应属性可以被足够成功地处理以在L2中完全获得，并且b)该属性在L1和L2中具有足够的相似性，以便将L2属性纳入L1语法，则易受磨耗。这预示着磨耗主要发生在“在很大程度上共享特征属性，但仍然存在差异的L1语法方面”（Hicks和Dominguez， 2019:160）。虽然这一预测似乎得到了现有文献的支持，但被广泛研究的唯一属性是代词，迄今为止，对其他语法特征知之甚少（Schmid, 2020）。虽然AvA模型声称语法消耗依赖于第二语言的“广泛”输入（Hicks和Dominguez， 2019:154），但它没有具体预测居住时间在L1语法消耗中所起的作用。Schmid（2019:291）最近认为，长期以来一直在研究居住时间在磨耗背景下所起的作用，并且很少有证据表明在迁移后的头几年里磨耗是如何进行的。这是因为到目前为止，大多数损耗研究都集中在在第二语言国家居住了相当长时间的参与者身上（例如，2010年Cuza的最低居住时间为10年；2016年Dominguez和Hicks的最低居住时间为15年）。我的研究解决了L1损耗文献中发现的这两个显著的经验差距；测试以前很少或没有受到关注的语法特性，并确定第二语言暴露所需的时间，以产生语法磨损。我将测试那些在童年后移民到葡萄牙的西班牙语母语者的语法消耗：艾佛森（2012）在一个在巴西生活了30年的智利-西班牙语母语者的案例研究中表明，l1 -西班牙语/ l2 -葡萄牙语组合有利于语法消耗。我的研究将招募在葡萄牙生活不同时间的参与者，特别关注移民后的头几年。参与者将进行实验性语言生成和理解任务，旨在揭示他们对一组特别选择的西班牙语和葡萄牙语之间语法特性的了解。定量分析将把他们的结果与西班牙单语西班牙语对照的结果进行比较，以确定L1语法磨损是否确实发生了，接触L2的时间有多长，以及哪些语法特性。这项研究提供了重要的新数据，重点关注我们对母语语法磨损的理解的重大差距，这将明显有利于语言习得和语言学理论的学术界，因为对磨损本质的新理解将促进我们对人类语言能力本身的认知架构的理解（Hicks和Dominguez, 2019; 2020）。

be susceptible to attrition if a) the corresponding property in the L2 input can be processed with sufficient success to be fully acquired in the L2, and b) the property shares enough similarity in the L1 and L2 for the L2 property to be incorporated into the L1 grammar. This predicts that attrition principally occurs "for aspects of the L1 grammar which share featural properties to a significant degree, but where differences nevertheless obtain" (Hicks and Dominguez, 2019:160). While this prediction appears to be supported by the existing literature, the only property which has been extensively investigated is pronouns, and to date very little is known about other grammatical features (Schmid, 2020). While the AvA model claims that grammatical attrition is dependent upon 'extensive' input from an L2 (Hicks and Dominguez, 2019:154), it makes no specific prediction about the role length of residency plays in L1 grammatical attrition. Schmid (2019:291) has recently argued that the role played by length of residency in the context of attrition has long been under investigated and that there is extremely little evidence on how attrition might progress during the first years following migration. This is because most attrition studies to date have focused on participants with a substantial length of residency in the L2- speaking country (e.g. a minimum residency length of 10 years in Cuza, 2010; 15 years in Dominguez and Hicks, 2016). My study addresses these two significant empirical gaps identified in the L1 attrition literature; testing grammatical properties which have previously received little or no attention, and pinpointing the duration of L2 exposure necessary to engender grammatical attrition. I will test for grammatical attrition among native Spanish speakers who have emigrated to Portugal after childhood: Iverson (2012) has shown the L1-Spanish/L2-Portuguese language combination to be favourable to grammatical attrition in a case study of an attriting Chilean-Spanish speaker living in Brazil for 30 years. My study will recruit groups of participants living in Portugal for varying lengths of time, paying particular attention to the first few years following migration. The participants will undertake experimental language production and comprehension tasks designed to reveal their L1 knowledge of a set of specifically selected grammatical properties exhibiting differences between Spanish and Portuguese. Quantitative analysis will compare their results to those of monolingual Spanish controls in Spain to determine if L1 grammatical attrition has in fact occurred, at what length of exposure to the L2, and for which grammatical properties. Providing important new data focusing on significant gaps in our understanding of L1 grammatical attrition, this research will demonstrably benefit the academic community in language acquisition and linguistic theory, as new understanding of the nature of attrition will advance our understanding of the cognitive architecture of the human language faculty itself (Hicks and Dominguez, 2019; 2020).