Hadrons in models and QCD

人们对粒子物理的强相互作用力的性质非常感兴趣。它有一个迷人的个性-在正常情况下，它将夸克限制在一起，形成质子和中子等强子，作用力为15吨(相当于3头大象的重量)，但在大温度下，如大爆炸后发生的那样，它很弱，强子很容易分裂。这种“限制”机制究竟是如何工作的，以及温度是如何控制它的，这是深入研究的主题，并获得了100万美元的千禧年奖金。这项博士研究涉及到这一“禁闭”难题的方方面面。一个可能的方向是对中心涡进行数值研究，中心涡是强相互作用理论的拓扑特征，与禁闭密切相关。另一种可能性是通过强子谱的数值模拟来探索限制的温度依赖性，应用以前在非零温度下从未使用过的技术，这些技术唯一适合于表征去禁闭和相关现象，如共振加宽。

There is a great deal of interest in the nature of the strong interaction force of particle physics. It has a fascinating personality - in normal circumstances it confines quarks together into hadrons such as protons and neutrons with a force of 15 tonnes (the weight of 3 elephants), but at large temperatures such as occurred after the Big Bang, it is feeble and hadrons easily fall apart. Exactly how this "confining" mechanism works, and how temperature controls it, is the subject of intense research, and a $1M Millennium Prize. The PhD research concerns aspects of this "confinement" puzzle. One possible direction is the numerical study of centre vortices, which are topological features of the theory of the strong interaction that are intimately related to confinement. Another possibility is to explore the temperature dependence of confinement through numerical simulations of the hadron spectrum, applying techniques which have not previously been used at non-zero temperature, and which are uniquely suitable for characterising deconfinement and related phenomena, such as resonance broadening.