Adolescence: Natural Incentives, Motivation and Affect

青春期：自然诱因、动机和影响

• 批准号: 7119000
• 负责人: LINDA PATIA SPEAR
• 金额: $ 32.73万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY,BINGHAMTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-30 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7119000
• 关键词: age difference; amphetamines; amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; cingulate gyrus; conditioning; cues; drug abuse; juvenile animal; laboratory rat; motivation; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; olfactory stimulus; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychological stressor; reinforcer; taste

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human adolescents and their counterparts in a variety of animal models avidly seek out rewarding stimuli through heightened peer interactions, risk taking, and increases in food consumption and drug use. These behavioral features of adolescence are highly conserved across species, as are adolescence-associated transformations in forebrain regions (e.g., PFC, amygdala, accumbens, and associated DA input) implicated in these behaviors and in attributing hedonic value and incentive motivation to natural rewards, drugs of abuse, and their associated cues. A crucial core question remains, constraining understanding of problem behaviors in adolescence and attempts to discern their neural substrates: Are adolescent-associated increases in behaviors directed towards natural rewards and drugs of abuse related to increases or decreases in the value they attribute to these rewarding stimuli? On the one hand, adolescents might pursue certain natural rewards and drugs because they normally exhibit (or are prone to develop) strong incentive motivation for these stimuli. Alternatively, adolescents may avidly seek these rewards because they are attempting to compensate for an age-related insensitivity in reward circuits that produces a partial, developmentally expressed anhedonia. Using an established model of adolescence in the rat and focusing on three natural rewards of particular significance for adolescents: social interactions, novelty, and appetitive taste) stimuli, the proposed work will test these possibilities and determine age-specific expression of neural markers for these rewards. Work in this proposal will answer the following questions: Do adolescents exhibit attenuated hedonic affect to natural rewards relative to mature animals (Sp. Aim 1)? Do they express increased incentive motivation for natural rewards (Sp. Aim 2) or are they unusually prone to develop incentive sensitization to these rewards following chronic drugs or stressors (Sp. Aim 3)? Do adolescents exhibit unique patterns of regional brain activation in PFC, amygdala, accumbens and related circuitry in response to natural rewards and their cues when compared with mature animals (Sp. Aim 4)? The proposed work will further understanding of why adolescents behave the way they do, identify candidate neural regions underlying these age-related proclivities, and help inform strategies for the treatment of adolescents exhibiting drug abuse problems or other excessive reward-directed behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：各种动物模型中的人类青少年及其对应者通过增强的同伴相互作用，冒险冒险以及食物消费和吸毒的增加来狂热地寻求奖励刺激。 青春期的这些行为特征在各种物种之间具有高度的保守，与这些行为以及归因于Hedonic价值和诱使自然的动机，自然的滥用，以及与之相关的滥用毒品和相关的提示，在前脑区域（例如PFC，PFC，Amygdala，Accumbens及其相关输入）中的青春期相关转换也是如此。 一个关键的核心问题仍然存在，限制了对青春期问题行为的理解，并试图辨别其神经底物：青少年相关的行为的增加是针对自然奖励和滥用药物的滥用药物，与他们归因于这些奖励刺激的价值的增加或减少有关？一方面，青少年可能会追求某些自然奖励和毒品，因为它们通常表现出（或很容易发展）这些刺激的激励动机。 另外，青少年可能会热烈寻求这些回报，因为他们试图弥补与年龄相关的奖励电路的不敏感性，从而产生部分发育中表达的Anhedonia。 使用既定的大鼠青春期模型，并着重于对青少年特别重要的三个自然奖励：社交相互作用，新颖性和食欲味）刺激，提出的工作将测试这些可能性，并确定这些奖励的神经标志物的年龄特异性表达。 该提案中的工作将回答以下问题：青少年相对于成熟的动物表现出享乐主义对自然奖励的影响（sp。AIM1）吗？他们是否表达了自然奖励的激励动机（sp。AIM2），还是在经历了长期的药物或压力源后对这些奖励的激励敏化（sp。AIM3），它们非常容易受到激励敏感性？与成熟的动物相比，青少年在PFC，Amygdala，Accumbens和相关电路中表现出独特的区域大脑激活模式（响应自然奖励及其线索）（sp。AIM4）？拟议的工作将进一步理解为什么青少年以自己的方式行事，确定这些与年龄相关的proclivities的候选神经区域，并帮助为策略提供策略，以治疗表现出药物滥用问题或其他过度奖励指导行为的青少年。