Are Some Regular Smokers Resistant to Nicotine Dependence?

一些经常吸烟的人对尼古丁依赖有抵抗力吗？

• 批准号: 7292936
• 负责人: ERIC Christian DONNY
• 金额: $ 22.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7292936
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Address; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clinical; Condition; Cotinine; DSM-IV; Daily; Dependence; Development; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhibits; Exposure to; Future; Human; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratory Procedures; Laboratory Study; Measures; Metabolism; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Plasma; Prevention; Purpose; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Risk; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Work; classical conditioning; day; design; drug sensitivity; experience; novel strategies; resilience; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Current theoretical models of nicotine addiction assume a relatively close relationship between the intensity and duration of nicotine use and the development of nicotine dependence. However, this relationship is weaker than one might expect; use measures typically account for only a small portion of the variance in dependence. Furthermore, many long-time, heavy daily smokers fail to meet DSM- IV dependence criteria. The weak relationship between use and dependence may result from inadequate or insensitive measures of dependence, adequately characterizations of nicotine exposure, and/or relative resistance to becoming nicotine dependent in some heavy cigarette users. The purpose of this application is to utilize established human laboratory procedures to rigorously assess the possibility that a subpopulation of smokers may be relatively resistant to becoming nicotine dependent despite extensive nicotine use. The specific aims are: 1) To determine whether individuals who fail to meet DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence also exhibit lower dependence according to other self-report measures; 2) To determine whether use/exposure characteristics not assessed in epidemiological measures of smoking behavior can account for individual differences in nicotine dependence; 3) To determine whether differences in self-report measures of dependence predict who will be able to refrain from smoking when given an incentive to do so among individuals with similar nicotine use histories. In the proposed study, we will recruit individuals who vary along both current use (5-10 versus 20+ cigarettes/day) and DSM-IV dependence (dependent versus non- dependent) criteria in a 2 x 2 design. We predict that individuals failing to meet criteria for DSM-IV nicotine dependence will demonstrate relative low levels of dependence is assessed by other continuous, multidimensional measures, and that these differences will not be fully explained by nicotine use/exposure. Furthermore, we expect individuals failing to meet DSM-IV dependence to be more capable of refraining from cigarette use in an abstinence test than DSM-IV dependent smokers. These findings would suggest that individual differences in DSM-IV dependence that arise in smokers with comparable nicotine use represent real differences in vulnerability to developing nicotine dependence that deserve further research. The proposed study will determine whether some regular, prolonged smokers are relatively resistant to becoming nicotine dependent. If such a subpopulation is identified, future studies will address what factors may be necessary for nicotine dependence to develop or, conversely, what factors might protect some individuals from becoming highly dependent. Identifying the mechanisms which account for individual differences in nicotine dependence may highlight novel approaches to both prevention and treatment of nicotine addiction.

描述（由申请人提供）：目前尼古丁成瘾的理论模型假设尼古丁使用的强度和持续时间与尼古丁依赖的发展之间存在相对密切的关系。然而，这种关系比人们想象的要弱；使用度量通常只占依赖性方差的一小部分。此外，许多长期、重度每日吸烟者不符合DSM- IV依赖标准。使用和依赖之间的弱关系可能是由于对依赖的测量不充分或不敏感，对尼古丁暴露的充分描述，和/或一些重度吸烟者对尼古丁依赖的相对抵抗。本应用程序的目的是利用已建立的人体实验室程序来严格评估吸烟者亚群尽管广泛使用尼古丁，但相对抵抗尼古丁依赖的可能性。具体目的是：1)确定不符合DSM-IV尼古丁依赖标准的个体是否也根据其他自我报告措施表现出较低的依赖性；2)确定吸烟行为的流行病学测量中未评估的使用/暴露特征是否可以解释尼古丁依赖的个体差异；3)确定在具有相似尼古丁使用史的个体中，自我报告依赖性测量的差异是否能预测在给予激励时谁能够戒烟。在拟议的研究中，我们将在2 × 2设计中招募当前使用（5-10对20+支/天）和DSM-IV依赖（依赖与非依赖）标准不同的个体。我们预测，不符合DSM-IV尼古丁依赖标准的个体将通过其他连续的、多维的测量来评估相对较低的依赖水平，并且这些差异将不能完全用尼古丁使用/暴露来解释。此外，我们预计在戒烟测试中，不符合DSM-IV依赖的个体比DSM-IV依赖的吸烟者更有能力控制吸烟。这些发现表明，在尼古丁使用相似的吸烟者中，对DSM-IV的依赖存在个体差异，这代表了尼古丁依赖易感性的真正差异，值得进一步研究。这项拟议的研究将确定一些长期的定期吸烟者是否对尼古丁依赖有相对的抵抗力。如果这样的一个亚群被确定，未来的研究将解决哪些因素可能是尼古丁依赖发展的必要因素，或者相反，哪些因素可能保护一些人不变得高度依赖。确定尼古丁依赖个体差异的机制可能会为预防和治疗尼古丁成瘾提供新的途径。