The Consequences of Teenage Childbearing

青少年生育的后果

• 批准号: 7295519
• 负责人: KEVIN LANG
• 金额: $ 8.13万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-17 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7295519
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Age; Benign; Binding; Birth; Child; Childbirth; Climacteric; Conceptions; Contraceptive methods; Couples; Drops; Education; Employment; Employment Status; Ethnic Origin; Family; Fathers; Fertility; Growth; Hour; Household; Income; Individual; Induced Abortion; Intervention; Investments; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Marital Status; Marriage; Measures; Mothers; Numbers; Outcome; Patient currently pregnant; Policies; Populations at Risk; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Sampling; Shotguns; Societies; Spontaneous abortion; Surveys; Techniques; Teenagers; Time; Today; Unmarried Mother; Woman; Work; World War II; abortion; child bearing; early childbearing; expectation; experience; high school; human capital; motherhood; social; teen birth; teenage mother

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent research has suggested that the adverse consequences of teenage motherhood are short- lived, and that, after a few years, teenage mothers do better than similar women who do not give birth as teens, In effect, these studies find that teenage motherhood changes the timing of births rather than the number of births and that, for the type of woman who gives birth as a teen, early childbearing is preferable to later childbearing. The recent literature has relied on an instrumental variables technique that essentially compares women who miscarry (have spontaneous abortions) as teens with women who do not miscarry. This proposal points out that the existence and timing of (induced) abortion creates important biases in that approach that may lead to the conclusion that teenage motherhood is benign and proposes two alternate estimators. The first drops from the sample women who aborted and compares those who miscarry with those who gave birth. This estimator is biased away from the benign view. Using the estimators with and without abortions gives us bounds on the effects of teen motherhood. Preliminary estimates indicate that the bounds are sufficiently tight to be informative. The second new estimator is valid if the timing (but not the use) of abortion is unrelated to adult outcomes. In this case, the IV and restricted-sample estimates can be combined to give a consistent estimate of the effects of teen motherhood on adult outcomes. Preliminary estimates support the validity of the assumption. The study will apply these techniques to four waves of the National Survey of Family Growth to ask 1) What is the effect of giving birth as a teen on educational attainment (measured in years and by high school graduation), marital status, employment and hours worked, individual earnings and household income, income relative to a measure of needs and total fertility? 2) How do these effects vary over the life-cycle? and 3) How have these effects changed over time? The appropriate policies for addressing teen motherhood depending critically on its effects. If the recent literature is correct, then either teen motherhood should not be viewed as problematic or it must be addressed by changing the life expectations of potential teen mothers so that they have prospects in life that are sufficiently positive to be jeopardized by early childbirth. If the effects of teen motherhood are adverse even for the population at-risk, then education about the consequences is a potentially effective intervention.

描述(申请人提供)：最近的研究表明，青少年母亲的不良后果是短暂的，几年后，十几岁的母亲比十几岁时不生育的类似妇女做得更好，实际上，这些研究发现，十几岁的母亲改变了出生的时间，而不是出生的数量，对于青少年时期生育的妇女来说，提前生育比晚育更可取。最近的文献依赖于一种工具变量技术，该技术基本上将青少年时期流产(有自然流产)的女性与没有流产的女性进行比较。这项建议指出，(人工流产)的存在和时机在这一方法中产生了重要的偏见，可能导致青少年母亲是良性的结论，并提出了两种不同的估计值。第一个样本来自流产的妇女，并将流产的妇女与分娩的妇女进行比较。这一估计值偏离了良性的观点。使用有无堕胎的估计值，我们就可以了解青少年母亲的影响。初步估计表明，这些界限足够紧密，足以提供信息。如果堕胎的时机(但不是使用)与成人结局无关，第二个新的估计值是有效的。在这种情况下，IV和受限样本估计值可以结合在一起，对青少年母亲对成年结果的影响给出一致的估计。初步估计支持这一假设的正确性。这项研究将把这些技术应用于全国家庭成长调查的四个阶段，以问1)青少年时期生育对教育程度(以年数和高中毕业率衡量)、婚姻状况、就业和工作时间、个人收入和家庭收入、相对于需求和总生育率的收入有何影响？2)这些影响在生命周期中有何不同？3)随着时间的推移，这些影响发生了怎样的变化？解决青少年母亲问题的适当政策在很大程度上取决于其影响。如果最近的文献是正确的，那么要么青少年母亲不应该被视为有问题的，要么必须通过改变潜在青少年母亲的生活期望来解决这个问题，这样她们的生活前景就足够积极，不会因为早产而受到威胁。如果青少年母亲的影响即使对高危人群来说也是不利的，那么关于后果的教育是潜在的有效干预。