Negative Social Interactions, Depression, and Intellectual Disabilities

描述(由申请人提供)：最近有证据表明，对压力的感知对轻度智力残疾成年人的心理健康有不利影响(ID)(15、18、19、24)。与其他类型的负面事件相比，轻度ID的成年人认为应激性社交发生得更频繁，产生的压力影响更大(6，18)。洞察参与应激性社会互动的其他人的类别，对于理解轻度智力障碍成年人容易受到压力感知(例如，家人探望)的情况有一定的影响。关于轻度智力障碍成年人认为困难的人际交往技能(例如，难以断言观点)，或轻度智力障碍成年人实际的人际交往技能缺陷，以及这些人际交往困难如何导致紧张的社交活动，人们知之甚少。要消除所有的应激性社会互动是不可能的，因此也有必要调查处理应激性社会互动的应对策略以及围绕这些互动的情绪。应激事件和消极的社会互动在理解和治疗普通人群中的抑郁症方面起着关键作用。应激性社会互动、这些事件的因果归因以及应对这些事件的应对策略也可能是轻度ID成年人抑郁的一个显著特征。在目标1中，将通过访谈和标准化问卷评估100名轻度ID成年人的应激性社会互动的频率和压力影响。与这些互动发生的其他人的类别以及与这些互动相关的轻度ID成年人的人际交往技能困难将被确定。还将确定用于处理应激性负面社会互动的应对策略。在目标2中，将评估50名有抑郁诊断的轻度智力障碍成年人和50名无抑郁诊断的轻度智力障碍成年人的应激性社会互动、因果归因和应对策略。这项研究与公共卫生的相关性是：1)增加对轻度ID成年人应激性社会互动的理解；2)开发应对培训计划，以增加适应性应对的使用，以处理确实发生的应激性社交互动以及围绕这些互动的情绪；3)识别轻度ID成年人抑郁的人际和认知方面，以便为制定适当的干预措施提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Perception of stress has recently been shown to have a detrimental impact on the psychological health of adults with mild intellectual disabilities (ID)(15, 18,19, 24). Adults with mild ID perceive stressful social interactions as occurring more frequently and as having a greater stress impact than other types of negative events (6,18). Insight into the category of others involved in stressful social interactions has implications for understanding situations in which adults with mild ID are vulnerable to perceptions of stress (e.g., family visits). Little is known about the interpersonal skills that adults with mild ID perceive as difficult (e.g. difficulty asserting opinions), or the actual interpersonal skill deficits of adults with mild ID, and how these interpersonal difficulties contribute to stressful social interactions. It is impossible to eliminate all stressful social interactions and thus an investigation of the coping strategies used to deal with stressful social interactions and the emotions surrounding these interactions is also warranted. Stressful events and negative social interactions play a key role in understanding and treating depression among the general population. Stressful social interactions, the causal attributions for these events, and the coping strategies used to deal with these events may also be a salient feature of depression in adults with mild ID. In Aim 1, the frequency and stress impact of stressful social interactions of 100 adults with mild ID will be assessed through interviews and standardized questionnaires. The category of others with whom these interactions occur and the interpersonal skill difficulties of adults with mild ID related to these interactions will be identified. The coping strategies utilized for dealing with stressful negative social interactions will also be determined. In Aim 2, stressful social interactions, causal attributions, and coping strategies of 50 adults with mild ID who have a depressive diagnosis and a matched control group of 50 adults with mild ID without a depressive diagnosis will be evaluated. The relevance of this research to public health is: 1) to increase understanding of stressful social interactions among adults with mild ID; 2) to develop coping training programs to increase the use of adaptive coping to deal with stressful social interactions and the emotions surrounding these interactions when they do occur; 3) to identify interpersonal and cognitive aspects of depression among adults with mild ID that could inform the development of appropriate interventions.