The Effects of Community Social and Built Environment on Physical Activity

社区社会和建筑环境对身体活动的影响

• 批准号: 7201557
• 负责人: Ming Wen
• 金额: $ 7.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7201557
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; American; Area; Censuses; Chicago; Classification; Communities; Community Surveys; Data; Data Sources; Demographic Factors; Development; Disease; Economics; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Feeling; Gender; Geographic Information Systems; Health; Health Services Research; Human Development; Individual; Information Centers; Intervention; Investigation; Life; Life Style; Literature; Longevity; Measures; Modeling; Morale; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Physical activity; Policies; Public Policy; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Running; Safety; Social Characteristics; Social Environment; Sociology; Staging; Subgroup; Surveys; Transportation; Trust; Walking; Well in self; base; behavioral health; design; design and construction; metropolitan; mortality; racial and ethnic; social; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While researchers have acknowledged the importance of community environment on physical activity, few systematic investigations of the relationship between community physical and social characteristics and physical activity have been undertaken. Drawing upon theoretical and empirical developments in urban sociology, urban planning, transportation, and health services research, the proposed analyses assess the hypothesis that the built environment and social environment of urban community affects physical activity over and above individual background. We propose a research project that investigates the designs of the built environment and multiple facets of community social, economic, demographic, and cultural environment in their influences on physical activity. Using multiple data sources including the Census data, CIS-based measures and two existing survey data, this research will address the following questions:1) How does the design of the built environment affects physical activity over and above individual social and demographic background?; 2) How do community-level social factors such as trust, safety, physical disorder, feelings of community morale affect individual likelihood of physical activity independently of the effects of the built environment?; 3) Whether and how do the built environment and social environment interact to impact physical activity? For example, does the effect of neighborhood walk ability vary according to neighborhood SES or other aspects of social environment such as trust? 4) What are the ecological relationship between the built environment and social environment at the community level?; and 5) How are the above relationships sensitive to geographic aggregation levels of community? What are the most appropriate aggregation levels relevant to physical activity?

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然研究人员已经认识到社区环境对体育活动的重要性，但很少有系统的调查社区体育和社会特征与体育活动之间的关系。借鉴城市社会学，城市规划，交通和卫生服务研究的理论和实证发展，拟议的分析评估的假设，即城市社区的建成环境和社会环境影响身体活动超过个人背景。我们提出了一个研究项目，调查建筑环境的设计和社区社会，经济，人口和文化环境的多个方面对身体活动的影响。本研究利用多个数据源，包括人口普查数据、基于CIS的测量数据和两个现有的调查数据，将解决以下问题：1）建筑环境的设计如何影响个人社会和人口背景之上的身体活动？2)社区层面的社会因素，如信任、安全、身体障碍、社区道德感等，是如何独立于建筑环境的影响，影响个体进行身体活动的可能性的？3)建筑环境和社会环境是否以及如何相互作用以影响身体活动？例如，邻里步行能力的影响是否会因邻里社会经济地位或社会环境的其他方面（如信任）而有所不同？4)在社区层面上，建成环境与社会环境之间的生态关系是什么？（5）上述关系对社区的地理聚集水平的敏感性如何？与体力活动相关的最适当的汇总水平是什么？