Neighborhood Built and Social Environment and Physical Activity and Weight Status

社区建设和社会环境以及体力活动和体重状况

• 批准号: 7786737
• 负责人: Ming Wen
• 金额: $ 24.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7786737
• 关键词: Abate; Address; Adopted; Affect; American; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Blood Clot; Blood coagulation; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Body mass index; Breast; Budgets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Censuses; Characteristics; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Colon Carcinoma; Consumption; County; Data; Data Aggregation; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Demographic Factors; Dependency; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dimensions; Discipline; Disease; Endometrium; Energy Metabolism; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Equation; Equilibrium; Esophagus; Exercise; Facilities and Administrative Costs; Gallbladder; Geography; Goals; Hand; Health; Health Priorities; Health Promotion; Healthcare; Hypertension; Indium; Individual; Inflammation; Intervention; Investigation; Joints; Kidney; Life; Life Style; Link; Literature; Locales; Longevity; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Orthopedics; Outcome; Ovary; Overweight; Pancreas; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Physical activity; Plant Roots; Population; Postmenopause; Poverty; Prevalence; Publications; Recommendation; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Running; Sampling; Site; Smoking; Social Environment; Sociology; Source; Stable Populations; Subgroup; Surgeon; Surveys; Testing; Transportation; United States; Uterus; Weight; Well in self; Woman; base; contextual factors; design; drinking; energy balance; evidence base; health inequalities; interest; men; mortality; novel strategies; obesity risk; programs; psychosocial; public health priorities; public health relevance; public health research; social; social cognitive theory; trend; weight maintenance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity are risk factors for a range of health problems. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been steadily rising among every segment of the U.S. population. In searching for factors driving the obesity epidemic, the overweight/obesity research is now focused on the balance between diet and physical activity (PA). To address the obesity epidemic, researchers have begun to explore the wider contextual determinants of obesity-related outcomes in hope of identifying new approaches to promoting PA and curbing the rising tide of obesity. This study attempts to contribute to the literature by examining the extent to which neighborhood built environments and socio-demographic contexts influence individual PA and weight status in the United States. To guide this investigation, we employ the social cognitive theory and ecological models and use multiple data sources including the 2000 Census data, GIS-based data from various sources, other place-based aggregate data, and continuous NHANES from 1999 to 2008. We ask: 1) How do contextual built environmental and socio-demographic factors affect objectively and subjectively measured PA and weight status over and above individual characteristics? 2) What are the interacting and mediating effects among contextual built environmental and socio-demographic factors in their impacts on PA and weight status? Are these observed contextual effects partly mediated by individual psychosocial pathways? 3) How do neighborhood factors interact with individual factors to impact PA and weight status? 4) How are the above relationships sensitive to geographic aggregation methods of local neighborhoods? 5) How does spatial dependency among local neighborhoods affect the observed patterns produced from the above analysis? This project goes beyond current research in five ways. First, it examines a wider range of place-based contextual features at both tract- and county-levels. Second, it is a national study covering the entire U.S. Third, it examines both self-reports and objective assessments of PA and weight status. Fourth, it provides a unique opportunity to examine interactions across a number of levels (e.g., individual- neighborhood, neighborhood-county). Fifth, it tests under-studied hypotheses in this literature such as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and the spatial dependency issues. This project combines perspectives from sociology, urban planning, geography, and spatial epidemiology; it bridges these disciplines to formulate research that addresses a set of questions vital to research on environmental determinants of PA and weight status. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study examines how geographic and contextual factors at census tract level and county level are associated with individual-level physical activity and body weight in a national sample. Both the built environments and socio-demographic contexts will be considered. Given the rising tide of the obesity epidemic in the United States, research, strategies and programs for weight maintenance and weight reduction have become a high public health priority in the recent decade.

描述（由申请人提供）：超重和肥胖是一系列健康问题的危险因素。美国各阶层人口的超重和肥胖患病率一直在稳步上升。在寻找导致肥胖流行的因素时，超重/肥胖研究现在的重点是饮食和体力活动（PA）之间的平衡。为了解决肥胖流行问题，研究人员已经开始探索肥胖相关结果的更广泛的背景决定因素，希望找到促进 PA 和遏制肥胖趋势上升的新方法。本研究试图通过研究美国社区建筑环境和社会人口背景对个人 PA 和体重状况的影响程度来为文献做出贡献。为了指导这项调查，我们采用社会认知理论和生态模型，并使用多种数据源，包括 2000 年人口普查数据、各种来源的基于 GIS 的数据、其他基于地点的汇总数据以及 1999 年至 2008 年的连续 NHANES。我们提出的问题是：1) 背景环境和社会人口因素如何影响客观和主观测量的 PA 和体重状态（超越个人特征）？ 2) 背景环境和社会人口因素对 PA 和体重状况的影响有哪些相互作用和中介效应？这些观察到的情境效应是否部分由个人心理社会途径介导？ 3) 邻里因素如何与个人因素相互作用来影响 PA 和体重状况？ 4）上述关系对当地社区的地理聚合方法有何敏感度？ 5）当地社区之间的空间依赖性如何影响上述分析产生的观察到的模式？该项目在五个方面超越了当前的研究。首先，它研究了地区和县一级更广泛的基于地方的背景特征。其次，这是一项覆盖整个美国的全国性研究。第三，它检查了自我报告以及对 PA 和体重状况的客观评估。第四，它提供了一个独特的机会来检查多个层面（例如，个人-社区、社区-县）之间的相互作用。第五，它测试了文献中未充分研究的假设，例如可修改面积单元问题和空间依赖性问题。该项目结合了社会学、城市规划、地理学和空间流行病学的观点；它将这些学科联系起来，制定研究方案，解决一系列对于 PA 和体重状况的环境决定因素研究至关重要的问题。 公共卫生相关性：本研究探讨了人口普查区层面和县层面的地理和背景因素与全国样本中个人层面的身体活动和体重之间的关系。建筑环境和社会人口背景都将被考虑。鉴于美国肥胖流行趋势不断上升，近十年来，维持体重和减轻体重的研究、策略和计划已成为公共卫生的高度优先事项。