Training

核心四：培训 在LRS中成功创建、分发和采用POC诊断技术需要对临床、技术 (lab基础），商业发展和知识产权管理，可接受性，可用性和人类工程学，发展中国家的宣传， 以及营销和分销问题。很少有研究人员在任何一个领域有能力理解和行动的信息从每一个 这些重要的学科。为已经参与POC技术开发和采用的个人创造增长机会 对于改进新技术的开发和最终成功至关重要。 PATH和华盛顿大学全球卫生部和实验室医学部将提供一个四级渐进式培训计划， 来自检测和器械开发、临床实验室和疾病专科领域的具有不同经验和背景的个人。 护理点国际诊断教育促进（POC IDEA）培训课程将创建一个网络化的研究人员培训小组， 最先进的技术和全球健康的挑战。 拥有这种独特技能的人将更有可能发展 这些技术适用于LRS，从而加快了从研究到有意义的临床应用的过渡。 我们将在LRS的多个地点利用我们长期和正在进行的全球卫生活动，以加强教学，实验室和 POC IDEA培训计划的实地组成部分。该计划的地方，国家和国际通知将吸引高质量的 申请者成功的申请人将是那些目前在学术界或工业界从事POC设备和/或技术开发或培训的人 在任何与快速测试诊断相关的领域的博士研究生课程中。培训一个多样化的研究人员群体可能很困难，但通过 华盛顿大学类似的国际艾滋病培训和教育（ITECH）培训计划，我们一再表明，跨学科培训 确实有效 POC IDEA培训系统将在四个渐进式课程中实施（图10）。课程内容将由重点UW教授管理 以及PATH诊断开发团队的重要投入。课程将由华盛顿大学教授和工作人员，PATH研究人员， 以及临床和实验室医学领域公认的领导者。 POC IDEA课程1将由来自不同技术和临床背景的30名研究人员组成的精选小组开始， 地球仪，包括来自发展中国家的10名与会者。在到达培训地点之前，参加者将获得一个基于网络的 这将使他们熟悉POC测试的基本原理。课程1将在西雅图授课，重点是临床问题 与POC诊断测试、重要的相关疾病以及LRS的现实和情况有关。 根据课程1学员的能力和兴趣，将挑选10名申请人参加课程2（5名技术开发人员 5个来自发展中国家）。课程2将于次年在西雅图授课，为期3周，让学员获得以下方面的先进经验： 流行病学和临床问题有关的性传播疾病和艾滋病毒通过华盛顿大学的完善的为期2周的年度课程的原则性传播 疾病和艾滋病毒研究（http：//depts.washinqton.edu/pshr/）。该课程自1993年以来一直提供，并被广泛认为是最好的课程之一 国际性传播感染/艾滋病毒培训短期课程，每年吸引来自30多个国家的100多名博士前、博士后和初级教师参加。 国家虽然该中心的工作将超越性传播感染和艾滋病毒的检测，但本课程将提供具有高度代表性的信息 其他传染病诊断的典型问题，还提供了处理机会性感染管理的模块 如肺结核、疟疾和病毒性肝炎。此外，课程2的参与者将额外花一周时间进行实验室实践培训 在华盛顿州海岸线的华盛顿州公共卫生实验室的教学实验室设施中使用最先进的诊断方法。 从参加课程1或2的20名技术开发人员中，将选出4至6名申请人参加课程3，这是一个基于实地的培训课程， 临床和用户培训。课程3为技术开发人员提供了访问LRS的独特机会，以了解新技术如何 纳入卫生系统，造福所有人。与会者将有机会参观诊所，制造设施，决策者， 和病人。 将从课程3中选出一名或两名实验室科学家参加课程4：检测开发奖学金。研究员将花费 长达6个月的时间在PATH实验室和UW实验室获得先进的检测开发技能，然后进行为期3个月的远程指导， 回家课程3和4旨在向研究人员传授宝贵的技能，使他们能够加快POC诊断的发展 从研发到临床应用。 课程将在中心期间重复进行（表12）。在该中心的5年期间，150名研究人员将接受培训， POC测试的临床方面。这些技能对于成功开发和吸收新技术至关重要。

Core 4: Training Successful creation, distribution, and adoption of POC diagnostic technologies in LRS requires an integrated understanding of clinical, technical (lab based), business development and intellectual property management, acceptability, usability and ergonomics, developing-world advocacy, and marketing and distribution issues. Rarely do researchers in any one field have the capacity to understand and act upon information from each of these critical disciplines. Creating growth opportunities for individuals already engaged in the development and uptake of POC technologies is critical to improving the development and eventual success of new technologies. PATH and the UW Departments of Global Health and of Laboratory Medicine will offer a four-tier progressive training program which will engage individuals with varied experience and backgrounds from the fields of assay and device development, clinical laboratories, and disease specialties. The Point-of-Care International Diagnostics Education Advancement (POC IDEA) training courses will create a networked group of researchers trained in state-of-the-art technology and challenges for global health in LRS. Individuals with this unique skill set will be more likely to develop technologies appropriate for use in LRS, thus expediting the transition from research to meaningful clinical use. We will leverage our long-standing and ongoing global health activities at multiple sites in LRS to strengthen the didactic, laboratory, and field-based components of the POC IDEA training program. Local, national,and international notices of the program will attract high-quality applicants. Successful applicants will be those currently working on POC device and/or technology development in academia or industry or training in a PhD graduate program in any area related to rapid test diagnostics. Training a diverse group of researchers can be difficult, but through the UW's similar International Training and Education for HIV (ITECH) training programs, we have shown repeatedly that interdisciplinary training does work. The POC IDEA training system will be implemented in four progressive courses (Figure 10). Curriculum content will be managed by key UW professors and staff with significant input from PATH'S Diagnostic Development Team. Courses will be taught by UW professors and staff, PATH researchers, and recognized leaders in the field of clinical and laboratory medicine. POC IDEA Course 1 will start with a select group of 30 researchers from diverse technology and clinical backgrounds from high- and LRS across the globe, including 10 participants from developing countries. Prior to arriving at the training site, participants will receive access to a web-based tutorial which will familiarize them with the basic principles of POC testing. Course 1 will be taught in Seattle and focus on clinical issues related to POC diagnostic tests, relevant diseases of importance, and the realities and circumstances of LRS. Based on the capabilities and interests of participants in Course 1,10 applicants will be selected to participate in Course 2 (5 technology developers and 5 from developing countries). Course 2 will be a 3-week course taught in Seattle the following year giving participants advanced experience with epidemiology and clinicalissues related to STIs and HIV through the UW's well-established 2-week annual course Principles of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Research (http://depts.washinqton.edu/pshr/). The course has been offered since 1993 and is widely recognized as one of the best international STI/HIVtraining short courses, attracting over 100 pre- and post-doctoral and junior faculty participants per year from more than 30 countries. Although the work of the Center will go beyond tests for STIs and HIV, this course will provide information that is highly representative of the issues typical of diagnosis of other infectious diseases as well, and also provides modules dealing with management of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis. In addition, Course 2 participants will spend an additional week with hands-on laboratory training on state-of-the-art diagnostic methods at teaching laboratory facilities at the Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline, WA. From the 20 technology developers participating in Courses 1 or 2, 4 to 6 applicants will be selected for participation in Course 3, a field-based clinical and user training. Course 3 offers the unique opportunity for technology developers to visit LRS to understand how new technologies can be integrated into the health system for a benefit to all. Participants will have opportunities to visit clinics, manufacturing facilities, policymakers, and patients. One or two laboratory scientists from Course 3 will be selected to participate in Course 4: the Assay Development Fellowship. Fellows will spend up to 6 months gaining advanced assay development skills both in the PATH labs and the UW labs, followed by a 3-month period of distance mentorship upon returning home. Courses 3 and 4 are designed to impart valuable skills to researchers which will enable them to accelerate the movement of POC diagnostics from research and development to clinical use. Courses will be repeated through the duration of the Center (Table 12). Over the 5-year period of the Center, 150 researchers will receive training on clinical aspects of POC testing. These skills are critical to the successful development and uptake of new technologies.