Training

核心4：培训 在LRS中成功创建、分发和采用PoC诊断技术需要对临床、技术 (以实验室为基础)，业务发展和知识产权管理，可接受性，可用性和人体工程学，发展中国家的倡导， 以及营销和分销问题。任何一个领域的研究人员很少有能力理解每个领域的信息并对其采取行动 在这些关键学科中。为已从事PoC技术开发和采用的个人创造增长机会 对改进新技术的开发和最终取得成功至关重要。 PATH和华盛顿大学全球卫生和实验室医学部将提供四级进阶培训计划，将参与 来自化验和仪器开发、临床实验室和疾病专业领域的不同经验和背景的个人。 医疗点国际诊断教育促进(POC IDEA)培训课程将创建一个由受过培训的研究人员组成的网络小组 在最先进的技术和全球健康在LRS的挑战。拥有这一独特技能的个人将更有可能发展 适用于LRS的技术，从而加快从研究到有意义的临床应用的过渡。 我们将利用我们在LRS多个地点的长期和持续的全球卫生活动，以加强教学、实验室和 POC IDEA培训计划的现场组件。当地、国家和国际上对该计划的关注将吸引高质量的 申请者。成功的申请者将是那些目前在学术界或行业或培训中从事PoC设备和/或技术开发的人 攻读与快速测试诊断相关的任何领域的博士研究生课程。培训一群不同的研究人员可能很困难，但通过 在华盛顿大学类似的国际艾滋病毒培训和教育(ITech)培训计划中，我们一再表明，跨学科培训 确实奏效了。 POC IDEA培训系统将分四个进阶课程实施(图10)。课程内容将由华盛顿大学的主要教授管理 以及来自Path的诊断开发团队的重要投入的员工。课程将由威斯康星大学的教授和工作人员、路径研究人员、 并被公认为临床和实验室医学领域的领导者。 POC IDEA课程1将从来自不同技术和临床背景的30名研究人员开始，他们来自HIGH和LRS 全球会议，包括来自发展中国家的10名与会者。在到达培训现场之前，参与者将获得访问基于Web的 该教程将使他们熟悉PoC测试的基本原则。课程1将在西雅图授课，重点是临床问题 与POC诊断测试、相关重要疾病以及LRS的现实和情况有关。 根据课程1参与者的能力和兴趣，将选出10名申请者参加课程2(5名技术开发人员 5个来自发展中国家)。课程2将于次年在西雅图教授为期3周的课程，为学员提供高级体验 通过威斯康星州大学制定的为期两周的性传播年度课程原则，了解与性传播感染和艾滋病毒有关的流行病学和临床问题 疾病和艾滋病毒研究(http://depts.washinqton.edu/pshr/).该课程自1993年开设以来，被广泛认为是最好的课程之一。 国际STI/艾滋病毒短期培训课程，每年吸引100多名博士后和初级教员参加，来自30多名 国家。尽管该中心的工作将超越性传播感染和艾滋病毒检测，但本课程将提供具有高度代表性的信息 诊断其他传染病的典型问题，还提供了处理机会性感染管理的模块 如肺结核、疟疾和病毒性肝炎。此外，课程2的参与者将额外花一周时间进行实验室实践培训。 华盛顿州海岸线的华盛顿州公共卫生实验室的教学实验室设施中的最先进的诊断方法。 从参加课程1或2的20名技术开发人员中，将挑选4至6名申请者参加课程3，这是一个以实地为基础的课程 临床和用户培训。课程3为技术开发人员提供了访问LRS的独特机会，以了解新技术如何 纳入卫生系统，造福所有人。参与者将有机会参观诊所、制造设施、政策制定者、 和病人。 课程3中的一到两名实验室科学家将被选中参加课程4：化验发展奖学金。研究员将花费 在PATH实验室和UW实验室获得最多6个月的高级分析开发技能，然后是3个月的远程指导 回家了。课程3和4旨在向研究人员传授有价值的技能，使他们能够加快POC诊断的进展 从研发到临床应用。 课程将在中心期间重复(表12)。在该中心的5年期间，150名研究人员将接受关于 POC测试的临床方面。这些技能对于成功开发和采用新技术至关重要。

Core 4: Training Successful creation, distribution, and adoption of POC diagnostic technologies in LRS requires an integrated understanding of clinical, technical (lab based), business development and intellectual property management, acceptability, usability and ergonomics, developing-world advocacy, and marketing and distribution issues. Rarely do researchers in any one field have the capacity to understand and act upon information from each of these critical disciplines. Creating growth opportunities for individuals already engaged in the development and uptake of POC technologies is critical to improving the development and eventual success of new technologies. PATH and the UW Departments of Global Health and of Laboratory Medicine will offer a four-tier progressive training program which will engage individuals with varied experience and backgrounds from the fields of assay and device development, clinical laboratories, and disease specialties. The Point-of-Care International Diagnostics Education Advancement (POC IDEA) training courses will create a networked group of researchers trained in state-of-the-art technology and challenges for global health in LRS. Individuals with this unique skill set will be more likely to develop technologies appropriate for use in LRS, thus expediting the transition from research to meaningful clinical use. We will leverage our long-standing and ongoing global health activities at multiple sites in LRS to strengthen the didactic, laboratory, and field-based components of the POC IDEA training program. Local, national,and international notices of the program will attract high-quality applicants. Successful applicants will be those currently working on POC device and/or technology development in academia or industry or training in a PhD graduate program in any area related to rapid test diagnostics. Training a diverse group of researchers can be difficult, but through the UW's similar International Training and Education for HIV (ITECH) training programs, we have shown repeatedly that interdisciplinary training does work. The POC IDEA training system will be implemented in four progressive courses (Figure 10). Curriculum content will be managed by key UW professors and staff with significant input from PATH'S Diagnostic Development Team. Courses will be taught by UW professors and staff, PATH researchers, and recognized leaders in the field of clinical and laboratory medicine. POC IDEA Course 1 will start with a select group of 30 researchers from diverse technology and clinical backgrounds from high- and LRS across the globe, including 10 participants from developing countries. Prior to arriving at the training site, participants will receive access to a web-based tutorial which will familiarize them with the basic principles of POC testing. Course 1 will be taught in Seattle and focus on clinical issues related to POC diagnostic tests, relevant diseases of importance, and the realities and circumstances of LRS. Based on the capabilities and interests of participants in Course 1,10 applicants will be selected to participate in Course 2 (5 technology developers and 5 from developing countries). Course 2 will be a 3-week course taught in Seattle the following year giving participants advanced experience with epidemiology and clinicalissues related to STIs and HIV through the UW's well-established 2-week annual course Principles of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Research (http://depts.washinqton.edu/pshr/). The course has been offered since 1993 and is widely recognized as one of the best international STI/HIVtraining short courses, attracting over 100 pre- and post-doctoral and junior faculty participants per year from more than 30 countries. Although the work of the Center will go beyond tests for STIs and HIV, this course will provide information that is highly representative of the issues typical of diagnosis of other infectious diseases as well, and also provides modules dealing with management of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis. In addition, Course 2 participants will spend an additional week with hands-on laboratory training on state-of-the-art diagnostic methods at teaching laboratory facilities at the Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline, WA. From the 20 technology developers participating in Courses 1 or 2, 4 to 6 applicants will be selected for participation in Course 3, a field-based clinical and user training. Course 3 offers the unique opportunity for technology developers to visit LRS to understand how new technologies can be integrated into the health system for a benefit to all. Participants will have opportunities to visit clinics, manufacturing facilities, policymakers, and patients. One or two laboratory scientists from Course 3 will be selected to participate in Course 4: the Assay Development Fellowship. Fellows will spend up to 6 months gaining advanced assay development skills both in the PATH labs and the UW labs, followed by a 3-month period of distance mentorship upon returning home. Courses 3 and 4 are designed to impart valuable skills to researchers which will enable them to accelerate the movement of POC diagnostics from research and development to clinical use. Courses will be repeated through the duration of the Center (Table 12). Over the 5-year period of the Center, 150 researchers will receive training on clinical aspects of POC testing. These skills are critical to the successful development and uptake of new technologies.