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Cognitive and Social Determinants of Children's Memory

儿童记忆的认知和社会决定因素

基本信息

批准号：
7304334
负责人：
GABRIELLE F PRINCIPE
金额：
$ 20.19万
依托单位：
URSINUS COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is concerned with the social and cognitive mechanisms involved in the distortion of children's autobiographical memories during the course of everyday conversations about the past. Research on memory demonstrates that suggestive interviews can produce serious degradations in children's accuracy. In response to these findings, researchers have developed forensic interviewing guidelines to minimize errors resulting from inappropriate questioning of young witnesses. The use of nonsuggestive techniques, however, may not eliminate all concerns about accuracy because the source of suggestions may emanate outside of the formal interview context. Growing evidence demonstrates that naturally occurring conversations with others can lead children to erroneously recall actually witnessing events that they have only heard about from others. What remain largely unexplored are the factors that constrain the potentially negative influence of conversational interactions and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The present proposal attempts to fill these gaps by drawing on the developmental literatures in memory, suggestibility, and social influence. A series of programmatic studies are proposed to a) directly relate the content of children's natural conversations following exposure to a rumor to their later memory reports; b) determine how factors such as age and delay period may bound the effects of rumors on memory; c) investigate whether the potency of overheard rumors on memory may vary as a function of opportunities for conversational interactions with others; d) assess the conditions under which children's false reports of rumored events are a function genuine memory errors versus demand characteristics; and e) explore whether natural interactions with parents can lead to errors in children's reports of their experiences that are in line with parents' beliefs about what might or must have happened to their children. The proposed research will address these issues by interviewing 3- to 6-year-old children about personally experienced events about which they, their classmates, or their parents have been exposed to false rumors. In addition to contributing to a basic understanding of the ways in which children's memories can be transformed during natural interactions with others, these findings should have implications for understanding factors outside of the interview context that can influence the accuracy of children's legal testimony and for developing procedures to minimize reporting errors in forensic contexts.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目关注的是在关于过去的日常对话过程中儿童自传体记忆的扭曲所涉及的社会和认知机制。对记忆的研究表明，暗示性访谈会严重降低儿童的准确性。针对这些发现，研究人员制定了法医访谈指南，以尽量减少因对年轻证人进行不当询问而产生的错误。然而，使用非暗示性技术可能无法消除对准确性的所有担忧，因为建议的来源可能来自正式访谈环境之外。越来越多的证据表明，与他人自然发生的对话可能会导致孩子错误地回忆起他们只从别人那里听说过的实际目睹的事件。目前尚未探索的是限制对话互动潜在负面影响的因素以及这些影响背后的机制。本提案试图通过借鉴记忆、暗示性和社会影响方面的发展文献来填补这些空白。提出了一系列程序性研究：a）将儿童接触谣言后的自然对话内容与他们后来的记忆报告直接联系起来； b) 确定年龄和延迟时间等因素如何限制谣言对记忆的影响； c) 研究无意中听到的谣言对记忆的影响是否会随着与他人对话互动的机会而变化； d) 评估儿童对谣言事件的虚假报道是真实记忆错误与需求特征的函数关系的条件； e) 探讨与父母的自然互动是否会导致儿童在描述自己的经历时出现错误，而这些错误与父母对可能或必须发生在孩子身上的事情的看法是一致的。拟议的研究将通过采访 3 至 6 岁的儿童来解决这些问题，了解他们、他们的同学或父母曾接触过虚假谣言的亲身经历的事件。除了有助于对儿童记忆在与他人自然互动过程中转变的方式有基本的了解外，这些发现还应有助于理解访谈背景之外可能影响儿童法律证词准确性的因素，并有助于制定程序以最大限度地减少法医环境中的报告错误。