Effects of Emotion on Neural Encoding of Sound

情绪对声音神经编码的影响

• 批准号: 7408908
• 负责人: Jade Q Wang
• 金额: $ 3.43万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408908
• 关键词: Acoustics; Affect; Affective; Anxiety Disorders; Auditory; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Bilateral; Brain Stem; Brain region; Cereals; Characteristics; Comorbidity; Comprehension; Condition; Cues; Data; Databases; Depth; Dimensions; Disease; Electrodes; Elements; Emotional; Emotions; Exhibits; Face; Facial Expression; Fourier Analysis; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Growth; Health; Heart Rate; Hour; Hydrocortisone; Image; Individual; International; Jaw; Language Development; Lateral; Learning; Left; Length; Limbic System; Linguistics; Lip structure; Lung; Mainstreaming; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Molds; Monitor; Music; Nature; Noise; Oral cavity; Pathway interactions; Perception; Physiological; Primates; Process; Production; Rate; Reading Disabilities; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Resolution; Rodent; Role; Sensory Process; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Skin; Source; Speech; Staging; Statistically Significant; Stimulus; Stream; System; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Tongue; Visual system structure; Voice; auditory pathway; auditory stimulus; depressive symptoms; emotional stimulus; experience; interest; neurophysiology; reconstruction; relating to nervous system; response; sound; vibration; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus; vocal cord

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traditional views of the brainstem have assumed a static and passive role in relaying the auditory signal to higher regions of the brain, but recent evidence indicates a far more dynamic and malleable system than previously thought. In the visual system, there is a plethora of evidence pointing to parallel pathways in the recognition of faces, a high-resolution system in the cortex that processes fine-grained data, and a fast, evolutionary ancient pathway to the limbic system that relays spatially coarse but highly biologically relevant information like facial expression. Anatomically, there is known to be direct and widespread connections between the auditory brainstem and the limbic system as well, and these have been characterized, anatomically, in rodents and primates. However, these connections have not been functionally characterized. The focus of our research is to understand how the neural representation of sounds is affected by emotional stimuli, such as emotion-evoking images, at the earliest stages of the auditory processing stream and to define the growth and transformation of this interaction throughout the auditory pathway. We are interested in determining how a listener's emotional state, induced by emotion-evoking visual stimuli, influences the listener's physiological response to speech. To do this, physiological responses to auditory speech are measured after inducing three emotional states (including a "neutral" state) in the listener with the use of images from a standardized database of emotional visual stimuli. Far-field and near-field recordings (brainstem and cortical responses, respectively) will assess the relative contributions of subcortical and cortical processes to the interaction of the two input modes and illuminate timing of the interactions. Our preliminary data show statistically significant differences between emotional conditions. We currently know that the brainstem is far more malleable than previously thought, which gives promise to the potential effects of therapies for disorders as well as the potential to enhance the learning of language and music, but there are other aspects to this malleability as well. It is known that anxiety disorders have a high comorbidity with depression, and that emotional health is hugely interactive with general mental health. If the brainstem is malleable on the time-scale of hours, it is reasonable to believe that anxiety disorders not only influence one's emotional health, it can also adversely affect sensory processing at a very basic level.

描述（由申请人提供）：传统的观点认为脑干在将听觉信号传递给大脑的高级区域方面起着静态和被动的作用，但最近的证据表明，脑干是一个比以前认为的更动态和更具可塑性的系统。在视觉系统中，有大量的证据表明，在识别人脸的过程中存在平行的途径，在皮层中有一个处理细粒度数据的高分辨率系统，在边缘系统中有一个快速的、进化的古老途径，它传递空间粗糙但具有高度生物学相关性的信息，如面部表情。从解剖学上讲，听觉脑干和边缘系统之间也存在着直接而广泛的联系，这些联系在解剖学上已经在啮齿动物和灵长类动物身上得到了表征。然而，这些连接并没有功能特征。我们的研究重点是了解在听觉处理流的早期阶段，声音的神经表征是如何受到情绪刺激（如唤起情绪的图像）的影响，并定义这种相互作用在整个听觉通路中的增长和转变。我们感兴趣的是确定听者的情绪状态是如何被唤起情绪的视觉刺激所诱发的，从而影响听者对言语的生理反应。为了做到这一点，使用标准化的情感视觉刺激数据库中的图像，在诱导听者的三种情绪状态（包括一种“中性”状态）之后，测量了听者对听觉语言的生理反应。远场和近场记录（分别为脑干和皮层反应）将评估皮层下和皮层过程对两种输入模式相互作用的相对贡献，并阐明相互作用的时间。我们的初步数据显示，情绪状况之间存在统计学上的显著差异。我们目前知道，脑干的可塑性比以前认为的要大得多，这给疾病治疗的潜在效果以及增强语言和音乐学习的潜力带来了希望，但这种可塑性也有其他方面。众所周知，焦虑症与抑郁症有很高的共病性，情绪健康与一般心理健康有很大的相互作用。如果脑干在小时的时间尺度上是可塑的，我们有理由相信，焦虑症不仅会影响一个人的情绪健康，还会在非常基本的层面上对感觉处理产生不利影响。