Functional neuroanatomy of auditory object perception

听觉物体感知的功能神经解剖学

• 批准号: 7407897
• 负责人: Amber Michelle Leaver
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7407897
• 关键词: Address; Agnosia; Animals; Anterior; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Birds; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain imaging; Categories; Communication; Complex; Development; Disease; Dyslexia; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Language Disorders; Left; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Monitor; Music; Neuroanatomy; Participant; Pathway interactions; Perception; Research; Resources; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Speech; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Work; blood oxygen level dependent; experience; innovation; instrument; musician; novel; object perception; relating to nervous system; social; sound; visual neuroscience

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are highly social animals, making auditory communication and perception vitally important. However, research of cortical involvement in auditory perception has lagged behind similar work in visual neuroscience, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of functional organization of human auditory cortex. The work proposed here will answer important questions regarding representation of auditory objects (i.e., complex sounds of behavioral significance) in nonprimary auditory cortex and will examine the effects of expertise on the neural specificity and organization of these object representations. Normal and expert (musician and birder) participants will listen to speech, musical instruments, and bird calls while blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal are recorded. We will employ the innovative technique of repetition adaptation (RA) to address the specificity of neural tuning within auditory cortex. While stimuli should engage similar cortical resources early within auditory cortical pathways, we expect higher areas to contain narrowly tuned representations of objects (i.e., exhibit RA) in category-specific subareas within anterior superior temporal cortex. Furthermore, we expect the specificity of neural representations in these higher auditory subareas to increase with level of experience with a particular category. Thus, neural representations of expert objects (i.e., speech sounds for all participants, musical instruments for musicians, and bird calls for birders) should be more narrowly tuned (i.e., exhibit greater RA) than those of nonexpert objects. Visualizing neural representations of multiple object categories within the same individuals, and exploring experience-dependent modulation of neural organization and specificity, will both be crucial and novel contributions to our limited understanding of functional organization of human auditory cortex. Moreover, knowledge gained from this research will deepen our understanding of auditory agnosias, aphasia, developmental perceptual language disorders like dyslexia, and social disorders like autism. Despite recent progress in our understanding of brain function, how the human brain discriminates between speech, music, and other complex sounds is still not well understood. We will use brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) to monitor brain activity while normal people, musicians, and birders listen to speech, music, and bird calls. This research will not only help determine whether auditory perception of language is different from that of other sounds, it will also further our understanding of auditory deficits resulting from brain injury (aphasia, agnosia) and abnormal development (dyslexia, autism).

描述（由申请人提供）：人类是高度社交的动物，使听觉沟通和感知至关重要。但是，对听觉感知的皮质参与的研究落后于视觉神经科学的类似工作，在我们对人类听觉皮层功能组织的理解中留下了很大的差距。这里提出的工作将回答有关非主要听觉皮层中听觉对象表示的表示的重要问题（即，行为意义的复杂声音），并将研究专业知识对这些对象表示神经特异性和组织的影响。正常和专家（音乐家和观鸟者）的参与者将聆听语音，乐器和鸟类的呼唤，而血液氧气水平依赖性（大胆）功能磁共振成像（fMRI）信号的变化。我们将采用重复适应（RA）的创新技术来解决听觉皮层内神经调整的特异性。虽然刺激应早期在听觉皮层途径中参与类似的皮质资源，但我们希望更高的区域包含狭窄调谐的物体（即展览RA）在前颞前颞叶内的特定于类别的亚洲。此外，我们期望这些较高的听觉亚地区神经表征的特异性随着特定类别的经验水平而增加。因此，专家对象的神经表现（即，所有参与者的语音，音乐家的乐器和鸟类呼唤者的语音）应比非肉体对象更狭窄（即展示更大的RA）。可视化同一个人中多个对象类别的神经表示，并探索与经验有关的神经组织和特异性的调节，这对我们对我们对人类听觉皮层功能组织的有限理解的有限理解至关重要且新颖。此外，从这项研究中获得的知识将加深我们对听觉不症，失语症，发育感知语言障碍（如阅读障碍症）以及自闭症等社会疾病的理解。尽管我们对大脑功能的理解最近取得了进步，但人类大脑如何区分语音，音乐和其他复杂的声音仍未得到充分了解。我们将使用脑成像（功能磁共振成像，fMRI）来监视大脑活动，而普通人，音乐家和观鸟者听言语，音乐和鸟类的呼唤。这项研究不仅将有助于确定对语言的听觉感知是否与其他声音不同，还将进一步了解我们对脑损伤（失语症，agnosia）和异常发育（阅读障碍，自闭症）引起的听觉缺陷的理解。