Functional neuroanatomy of auditory object perception

听觉物体感知的功能神经解剖学

• 批准号: 7491500
• 负责人: Amber Michelle Leaver
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7491500
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Agnosia; Animals; Anterior; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Binding; Birds; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain imaging; Categories; Clutterings; Communication; Complex; Development; Disease; Dyslexia; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Left; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mediating; Monitor; Music; Neuroanatomy; Neurons; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Process; Research; Resources; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Speech; Speech Sound; Steam; Stimulus; Stream; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Visual Perception; Voice; Work; blood oxygen level dependent; experience; human subject; innovation; instrument; interest; musician; novel; object perception; object recognition; paired stimuli; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; sound; speech processing; visual neuroscience

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are highly social animals, making auditory communication and perception vitally important. However, research of cortical involvement in auditory perception has lagged behind similar work in visual neuroscience, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of functional organization of human auditory cortex. The work proposed here will answer important questions regarding representation of auditory objects (i.e., complex sounds of behavioral significance) in nonprimary auditory cortex and will examine the effects of expertise on the neural specificity and organization of these object representations. Normal and expert (musician and birder) participants will listen to speech, musical instruments, and bird calls while blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal are recorded. We will employ the innovative technique of repetition adaptation (RA) to address the specificity of neural tuning within auditory cortex. While stimuli should engage similar cortical resources early within auditory cortical pathways, we expect higher areas to contain narrowly tuned representations of objects (i.e., exhibit RA) in category-specific subareas within anterior superior temporal cortex. Furthermore, we expect the specificity of neural representations in these higher auditory subareas to increase with level of experience with a particular category. Thus, neural representations of expert objects (i.e., speech sounds for all participants, musical instruments for musicians, and bird calls for birders) should be more narrowly tuned (i.e., exhibit greater RA) than those of nonexpert objects. Visualizing neural representations of multiple object categories within the same individuals, and exploring experience-dependent modulation of neural organization and specificity, will both be crucial and novel contributions to our limited understanding of functional organization of human auditory cortex. Moreover, knowledge gained from this research will deepen our understanding of auditory agnosias, aphasia, developmental perceptual language disorders like dyslexia, and social disorders like autism. Despite recent progress in our understanding of brain function, how the human brain discriminates between speech, music, and other complex sounds is still not well understood. We will use brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) to monitor brain activity while normal people, musicians, and birders listen to speech, music, and bird calls. This research will not only help determine whether auditory perception of language is different from that of other sounds, it will also further our understanding of auditory deficits resulting from brain injury (aphasia, agnosia) and abnormal development (dyslexia, autism).

描述（由申请人提供）：人类是高度社会化的动物，使听觉交流和感知至关重要。然而，皮质参与听觉感知的研究已经落后于视觉神经科学的类似工作，留下了显着的差距，我们的理解人类听觉皮层的功能组织。这里提出的工作将回答关于听觉对象表示的重要问题（即，复杂的声音的行为意义）在非初级听觉皮层，并将检查的影响，专业知识的神经特异性和组织这些对象的表征。正常和专家（音乐家和观鸟者）参与者将听取演讲，乐器和鸟叫，同时记录功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）信号中的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）变化。我们将采用创新的重复适应（RA）技术来解决听觉皮层神经调谐的特异性。虽然刺激应该在听觉皮层通路的早期使用类似的皮层资源，但我们预计更高的区域包含对象的窄调表征（即，显示RA）在前上级颞叶皮层内的类别特异性亚区中。此外，我们预计在这些更高的听觉子区域的神经表征的特异性，以增加与特定类别的经验水平。因此，专家对象的神经表示（即，所有参与者的语音、音乐家的乐器以及观鸟者的鸟叫声）应当被更窄地调谐（即，表现出更大的RA）比那些非专家对象。在同一个人的多个对象类别的可视化神经表征，并探索神经组织和特异性的经验依赖性调制，都将是至关重要的和新颖的贡献，我们有限的理解人类听觉皮层的功能组织。此外，从这项研究中获得的知识将加深我们对听觉失认症、失语症、发展性知觉语言障碍（如阅读障碍）和社交障碍（如自闭症）的理解。尽管我们对大脑功能的理解最近取得了进展，但人类大脑如何区分语音，音乐和其他复杂的声音仍然没有得到很好的理解。我们将使用脑成像（功能性磁共振成像，fMRI）来监测正常人，音乐家和观鸟者在听演讲，音乐和鸟叫时的大脑活动。这项研究不仅有助于确定语言的听觉感知是否不同于其他声音，还将进一步加深我们对脑损伤（失语症，失认症）和异常发育（阅读障碍，自闭症）导致的听觉缺陷的理解。