Mental-illness stigma and status processes in interpersonal interactions

人际交往中的精神疾病耻辱和地位过程

• 批准号: 7321904
• 负责人: JO C PHELAN
• 金额: $ 35.97万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-07 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7321904
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Area; Attention; Attitude; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Belief; Characteristics; Diffuse; Education; Facility Construction Funding Category; Gender; Goals; Hospitalization; Individual; Interpersonal Relations; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Label; Lead; Literature; Mediating; Mental disorders; Mentally Ill Persons; Methods; Moods; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Problem Solving; Process; Race; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Social Desirability; Social Distance; Social Interaction; Solid; Solutions; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stigmata; Survey Methodology; Translating; Withdrawal; Work; base; deviant; disability; expectation; experience; high school; male; member; neglect; programs; research study; self esteem; social; social stigma; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Interventions to reduce mental illness stigma will be most effective if based on solid scientific understanding of the social processes involved. The proposed research involves three features that hold significant promise for the construction of well grounded interventions. First, rather than focusing on attitudes of stigmatizers or adaptations of the stigmatized, we focus directly on an area that has been underrepresented in existing research - interpersonal interactions between stigmatized and non-stigmatized individuals. Second, existing research on interactions has not been conducted within a general theoretical framework nor has it led to interventions. We therefore translate a well developed program of theory, research and intervention expectation states theory (EST) - to the problem of stigma. EST research shows how status hierarchies based on characteristics such as gender and race are reproduced in social interactions, as well as how those hierarchies can be altered. Third, the rapidly expanding literature on mental illness stigma is largely based on survey methods and self-report outcome measures. As useful as this research has been, an experimental approach that includes behavioral assessments can be highly effective in adding to knowledge about stigma. Here we proposed the first steps in a program of research aimed at investigating whether EST and its interventions can be applied to stigma and whether stigma entails additional components to which interventions must attend. We propose two experiments in which participants interact with a partner who has been labeled with psychiatric hospitalization (stigma), not having finished high school (low status) or neither. We address the following aims: (1) EST research shows that a low-status label reduces one's influence in cooperative goal oriented interactions. Is this also true for a label of mental illness? (2) A label of mental illness increases interaction strain and social distance. Is this also true for a low-status label? (3) Assess whether mental illness combines additively or multiplicatively with other status characteristics. (4) Assess whether being labeled with mental illness or low educational attainment before an interaction affects mood, self- esteem and social withdrawal after the interaction, and assess the extent to which strain and negativity in the interaction mediate such labeling effects. Results from these studies will inform intervention efforts that seek the best ways to harness the power of interpersonal contact in reducing mental illness stigma.

描述（由申请人提供）：如果基于对所涉及的社会过程的扎实科学理解，减少精神疾病耻辱感的干预措施将是最有效的。拟议的研究涉及三个特征，这些特征对于构建基础良好的干预措施具有重大前景。首先，我们不是关注污名化者的态度或污名化者的适应，而是直接关注现有研究中代表性不足的领域 - 污名化和非污名化个体之间的人际互动。其次，现有的相互作用研究并未在一般理论框架内进行，也没有导致干预措施。因此，我们将一个完善的理论、研究和干预预期状态理论（EST）转化为耻辱问题。 EST 研究展示了基于性别和种族等特征的地位等级如何在社交互动中再现，以及如何改变这些等级。第三，关于精神疾病耻辱感的快速增长的文献主要基于调查方法和自我报告结果测量。尽管这项研究很有用，但包括行为评估在内的实验方法可以非常有效地增加有关耻辱的知识。在这里，我们提出了一项研究计划的第一步，旨在调查 EST 及其干预措施是否可以应用于耻辱，以及耻辱是否需要干预措施必须关注的其他组成部分。我们提出了两个实验，其中参与者与被标记为精神病住院（耻辱）、未完成高中（低地位）或两者都没有完成的伴侣互动。我们致力于实现以下目标：（1）EST 研究表明，低地位标签会降低一个人在以合作目标为导向的互动中的影响力。对于精神疾病的标签来说也是如此吗？ （2）精神疾病的标签会增加互动压力和社交距离。对于低地位的标签来说也是如此吗？ (3) 评估精神疾病是否与其他状态特征相加或相乘。 （4）评估互动前被贴上精神疾病或低教育程度的标签是否会影响互动后的情绪、自尊和社交退缩，并评估互动中的紧张和消极情绪在多大程度上介导这种标签效应。这些研究的结果将为寻求利用人际接触的力量减少精神疾病耻辱的最佳方法的干预措施提供信息。