George Buchanan's Psalm Paraphrases: critical edition, annotated translation, and literary study of a masterpiece of neo-Latin religious poetry.

诗人和剧作家，教师和教育家，政治作家和政治家，乔治布坎南是16世纪欧洲最著名的人物之一。非常传统的“苏格兰人在国外”和“人o 'pairts”，他过着多事之秋的生活在法国和葡萄牙（以及在较小程度上英格兰和意大利）之前，返回苏格兰在中年。他的多方面的诗歌是他最大的声名鹊起之一，其中杰出的是他的一套完整的诗篇意译拉丁诗歌，诗歌是在一次忠实的版本拉丁诗篇和优雅的拉丁颂歌在自己的权利。在他的一生中印刷了大约20个版本，并且在接下来的两个世纪中非常频繁，他们是一个特殊的例子，正如他的同时代人所认识到的那样，这种诗歌体裁在欧洲文艺复兴时期的人文主义作家中非常受欢迎，后来在欧洲的教室里。他的作品不仅表现出对旧约诗篇的虔诚认同，而且表现出高度的诗歌技巧和对拉丁经典文学语言的敏感。因此，布坎南试图巧妙地将两种文化的材料融合在一起，当时人们不仅对这两种文化的接受和相互关系非常感兴趣，而且对如何呈现这两种文化的问题也非常感兴趣。这类诗歌很少有人研究。自1715年以来，布坎南的释义就没有收到过完整的评论版，尽管在他一生中几乎每年都会出现的该作品的各种印刷品显示出相当大的差异。因此，第一项任务是评估各种文本证据的价值，并产生一个有效和权威的文本。既然不存在完整的翻译，或者（我相信）曾经存在过，那么为现代读者提供一个清晰的翻译是必不可少的。然后，当读者阅读或参考拉丁文文本并面临英文翻译时，各种事项将需要以笔记的形式解释。还有许多重要的问题要问的体裁和布坎南的谈判，这些将在一个广泛的介绍。为什么这种诗歌形式和灵修练习（两者都是）在当时如此流行？布坎南是如何完成他的任务的，从最初的韵律和风格的选择到成品的打磨？他是否只使用拉丁文武加大作为他的资料来源？维吉尔、贺拉斯和其他古典诗人的贡献是什么？我们能在他的渲染中发现任何个人印记吗？或者任何接近自我探索的东西？是阐明布坎南的许多争议的宗教发展，或对他的古典阅读的程度或模式？为什么，出于什么目的，这些释义继续被阅读、讨论，甚至被配以音乐演唱，一直持续到18世纪？这本书的结果，从这个项目将是一个重大的贡献，迅速增长的兴趣，在新拉丁文学和古典人文主义写作的文艺复兴。它将展示一种创造性的方式，其中拉丁语，欧洲的主要语言之一，是由一个学者沉浸在思想，米和风格的经典;而且他如何提出他的沉思的神圣文本。其结果是一个富有启发性的例子，文化之间的对话和什么通常被称为'基督教人文主义'的北方欧洲文艺复兴。这本预计出版的书将进一步阐明布坎南的生活和工作，以及他对家乡苏格兰文化的贡献，同时说明他的诗歌品质，并展示他如何理解圣经和古典诗人。

Poet and dramatist, teacher and educationalist, political writer and statesman, George Buchanan is for many reasons one of the most notable European figures of the sixteenth century. Very much the traditional 'Scot abroad' and 'man o'pairts', he lived an eventful life in France and Portugal (and to a much lesser extent England and Italy) before returning to Scotland in middle age. His many-sided poetry is one of his greatest claims to fame, and outstanding within it is his complete set of Psalm Paraphrases in Latin verse, poems which are at once faithful versions of the Latin Psalter and elegant Latin odes in their own right. Printed in some twenty editions in his lifetime, and very frequently in the following two centuries, they are an exceptional example, as his contemporaries recognized, of a poetic genre that was extremely popular among Humanist writers of the European Renaissance, and later in the schoolrooms of Europe. His work shows not only a devout identification with the Old Testament Psalms but also a high degree of poetic skill and sensitivity to the literary language of the Latin classics. Buchanan thus seeks imaginatively to blend the material of two cultures at a time when there was exceptional interest not only in their reception and interrelation but also in questions of how they were to be presented. Poetry of this kind has been little studied. Buchanan's paraphrases have not received a full critical edition since 1715, although the various printings of the work that emerged almost annually in his lifetime show considerable variation. The first task therefore is to assess the value of the various textual evidence and produce a valid and authoritative text. Since no complete translation exists, or (I believe) has ever existed, a clear translation for modern readers is essential. Then, as readers work through or refer to the Latin text and facing English translation, various matters will need to be explained in the form of notes. There are also many important questions to be asked about the genre and Buchanan's negotiation of it, and these will be treated in an extensive introduction. Why was this poetic form and devotional exercise (it was both of these) so popular at the time? How did Buchanan pursue his task, from the initial choice of metre and style to the polishing of his finished product? Does he use the Latin Vulgate exclusively as his source? What is the contribution of Vergil, Horace, and other classical poets? Can we detect a personal imprint of any kind in his renderings, or anything approaching an exploration of the self? Is light shed on Buchanan's much debated religious development, or on the extent or modes of his classical reading? Why, and for what purposes, did the paraphrases continue to be read, discussed, and indeed sung to music well into the eighteenth century? The book which results from this project will be a major contribution to the rapidly growing interest in neo-Latin literature and in classicizing Humanist writing of the Renaissance. It will show one creative way in which Latin, one of the major languages of Europe, was used by a scholar steeped in the ideas, metres and style of the classics; but also how he presents his meditations on the sacred text. The result is an instructive example of dialogue between cultures and of what is often called the 'Christian Humanism' of the northern European Renaissance. The projected book will shed further light on Buchanan's life and work and on his contribution to the culture of his native Scotland, as well as illustrating his poetic qualities and showing how he understood the Bible and the classical poets.