MILK OR FRUIT DRINK SUPPLEMENTATION AND ENERGY BALANCE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目及 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 仅含糖饮料，如软饮料，在所有年龄组的北美人中大量消费。 特别是儿童增加了对高甜饮料的消费，这对牛奶造成了损害。 最近的研究提出了儿童肥胖症的增加和纯糖饮料消费之间的联系，但对这一观察结果的机械解释很少。 本研究项目的主要目的是确定超重儿童长期补充4份牛奶/d或1份牛奶和3份水果饮料/d是否会导致食物热效应、底物氧化和餐后食物摄入量或牛奶或水果饮料的差异。 将招募参加一项旨在检查牛奶摄入量在体重减轻中的作用的资助项目（IRB#X 040910003）的8至10岁儿童参加本研究。 儿童将在16周的减肥、饮料补充期结束时进行能量消耗测量。 孩子们将被要求在禁食一夜后的第二天早上来到GCRC。 休息30分钟后，将测量基础代谢率30分钟。然后根据母研究中随机分配的治疗，为儿童提供早餐，包括牛奶或水果饮料。 然后在饮料消耗后恢复能量消耗测量5.5小时。 在每小时，代谢车（Delta-Trac）的通风篷将放置在孩子的头部30分钟。从代谢车检索的数据将用于计算能量消耗使用德韦尔方程。 在5.5小时测量期结束时，将为儿童提供一顿饭，并要求他们尽可能多地食用所提供的食物，以使他们感到舒适。 每种食物在提供给孩子之前都要称重，任何剩菜也要称重。 能量和常量营养素摄入量将使用NDS食品数据系统计算。 这项研究的结果将有助于确定与纯糖饮料相比，牛奶是否会导致更大的能量消耗和更低的食物摄入量。 最后，这些结果将有助于建立儿童肥胖和长期含糖饮料消费之间联系的机制。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Sugar-only beverages, such as soft drinks, are consumed in large amounts in North Americans of all age groups. Children have especially increased their consumption of highly sweetened beverages to the detriment of milk. Recent research has proposed a link between the rise in childhood obesity and sugar-only beverage consumption, yet mechanistic explanation for this observation is sparse. The main objective of this proposed research project is to determine whether, in overweight children, prolonged supplementation with 4 servings of milk/d or 1 serving of milk and 3 servings of fruit drink/d leads to differences in thermic effect of food, substrate oxidation, and food intake after a meal or either milk or fruit drink. Children between the ages of 8 and 10 who are participating in a funded project to examine the role of milk intake in weight loss (IRB# X040910003) will be recruited to participate in this study. Children will undergo the energy expenditure measurements at the end of the 16-wk weight loss, beverage supplementation period. Children will be asked to come to the GCRC the morning after an overnight fast. After resting for a period of 30 min, basal metabolic rate will be measured for 30 min. Children will then be provided with a breakfast meal consisting of either milk or fruit drink, depending on the treatment they were randomized to in the parent study. Energy expenditure measurements will then resume for a period of 5.5 h following beverage consumption. At each hour, the ventilated canopy of the metabolic cart (Delta-Trac) will be placed over the child's head for a period of 30 min. Data retrieved from the metabolic cart will be used to calculate energy expenditure using de Weir's equation. At the end of the 5.5 h measurement period, children will be given a meal and asked to consume as much as they want of the foods provided to feel comfortably full. Each food will be weighed prior to being offered to the child and any leftovers will also be weighed. Energy and macronutrient intakes will be calculated using NDS food data system. Results from this study will help determine whether milk induces greater energy expenditure and lower food intake compared to a sugar-only beverage. Finally, these results will contribute to establishing the mechanism behind the link between childhood obesity and long term sugared drink consumption.