Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187-1291

耶路撒冷和圣地朝圣，1187-1291 年

• 批准号: AH/E004687/1
• 负责人: Reginald Pringle
• 金额: $ 4.5万
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE004687%2F1
• 关键词: Pilgrimage; Jerusalem; Holy; Land; 1187

Pilgrim texts provide a wealth of information not only about Holy Land pilgrimage itself, but also about church history, architecture, topography, material culture, and the social and economic conditions existing in Palestine in different periods. I have made considerable use of them in my four-volume corpus of churches in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, due for completion in spring 2007. A series of translations of Jerusalem pilgrim texts with commentaries by John Wilkinson (Egeria's Travels [1971], Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades [1977], and Jerusalem Pilgrimage, 1099-1185 [1988]) documents the history of pilgrimage to the Holy Land from the time of Constantine until just before the fall of the city to Saladin in 1187. The texts of the thirteenth century, however, have not yet been studied as a group in this way. The aim of this project is therefore to analyse and discuss the principal Latin and Old French pilgrimage texts (and one in Greek) written between the fall of Crusader Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187 and the loss of Acre to the Mamluk sultan, al-Ashraf Khalil, in 1291, and to provide new English translations of a selection of the more significant of them.The pilgrimage texts from this period are of particular interest, but because the existing editions of them are scattered across a variety of rather obscure publications, they tend to be under-used by historians. (The compilation with Italian translations by S. de Sandoli, Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum (saec. XII-XIIII), 4 vols [Jerusalem 1978-84], goes some way to addressing the problem, but relies on some defective editions, besides introducing new errors.) In the first place they tend to be more detailed than the texts of the twelfth century. They are also often more original, representing first-hand accounts of travellers rather than reworkings of older texts. Taken together, they document the changes that occurred in the physical condition of the Holy Places and in the pattern of pilgrimage to them after the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, during its brief reoccupation by the Franks between 1229 and 1244, and during the period from 1260 onwards when the Mamluks gradually took military control of the whole country from the Franks and Ayyubids. The principal questions to be addressed by the project are: 1. What changes affected the sites and monuments visited by Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem and the Holy Land during the period 1187-1291?2. How was pilgrimage itself affected by the political circumstances of the gradual loss of the Holy Land to the Ayyubids and Mamluks, in terms of travelling conditions, the routes taken, and the way in which pilgrimage was organized?3. How did the perceptions, priorities and goals of pilgrims change, and to what extent were their expectations fulfilled by what they saw and experienced?4. What do the pilgrim texts tell us about the condition of and interaction between different religious and ethnic groups (eastern and western Christians, Muslims, and Jews) under Frankish and Muslim rule? I have identified some 39 texts and of these have selected 17 for translation. The resulting book will begin with an introduction discussing the context and dating of the translated texts and the light that they and other sources (including archaeology) shed on the development of Holy Land pilgrimage in this period. The translations will be accompanied by explanatory footnotes, identifying and commenting on the sites mentioned and pointing readers to sources of further information about them. The book will end with a comprehensive list of pilgrimage texts and maps of the period, and a detailed index.I anticipate that as well as addressing the question of how Holy Land pilgrimage changed in the thirteenth century this project will also result in the production of a valuable resource, that will be of use to researchers inthe fields of history, archaeology, art and architectural history, and religious studies.

朝圣者文本提供了丰富的信息，不仅关于圣地朝圣本身，而且关于教会历史，建筑，地形，物质文化，以及巴勒斯坦不同时期的社会和经济状况。我在四卷本的《耶路撒冷的教堂》一书中大量使用了它们，该书将于2007年春季完成。约翰·威尔金森（John Wilkinson）对耶路撒冷朝圣者文本进行了一系列翻译，并附有注释（《埃吉里亚游记》[1971]、《十字军东征前的耶路撒冷朝圣者》[1977]和《耶路撒冷朝圣，1099-1185》[1988]），记录了从君士坦丁时代到1187年萨拉丁攻陷耶路撒冷之前，前往圣地朝圣的历史。文本的第十三世纪，但是，尚未被研究作为一个群体，以这种方式。因此，本项目的目的是分析和讨论主要的拉丁文和古法语朝圣文本（和一个希腊文）之间的十字军耶路撒冷的秋天萨拉丁在1187年和阿克里损失的马穆鲁克苏丹，al-Ashraf哈利勒，在1291年，并提供其中较重要的一部分的新英文译本。这一时期的朝圣文本特别令人感兴趣，但由于现有的版本分散在各种相当晦涩的出版物中，它们往往没有被历史学家充分利用。(The意大利语翻译S。de Sandoli，Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum（saec. XII-XIIII），4 vols [耶路撒冷1978-84]，去某种程度上解决这个问题，但依赖于一些有缺陷的版本，除了引入新的错误。首先，它们往往比十二世纪的文本更详细。它们也往往更具原创性，代表了旅行者的第一手资料，而不是对旧文本的改写。总的来说，它们记录了在1187年耶路撒冷陷落之后，在1229年至1244年法兰克人短暂重新占领耶路撒冷期间，以及从1260年起马穆鲁克人逐渐从法兰克人和阿尤布人手中夺取对整个国家的军事控制权期间，圣地的物质条件和朝圣模式发生的变化。该项目要解决的主要问题是：1。1187-1291年期间，哪些变化影响了基督教朝圣者前往耶路撒冷和圣地参观的遗址和纪念碑？2.圣地逐渐被阿尤布王朝和马穆鲁克王朝夺走的政治环境对朝圣本身有何影响？在旅行条件、路线和组织朝圣的方式方面有何影响？3.朝圣者的观念、优先事项和目标发生了怎样的变化？他们所看到和经历的事情在多大程度上满足了他们的期望？4.关于法兰克人和穆斯林统治下不同宗教和种族群体（东方和西方的基督徒、穆斯林和犹太人）的状况和相互作用，朝圣者的文本告诉了我们什么？我已经确定了大约39个文本，并从中选择了17个进行翻译。由此产生的书将开始与介绍讨论的背景和日期的翻译文本和光，他们和其他来源（包括考古学）洒在发展圣地朝圣在这一时期。译文将附有解释性脚注，指出和评论所提到的网址，并向读者指出关于这些网址的进一步资料来源。这本书将以一个全面的朝圣文本和这一时期的地图列表以及一个详细的索引结束。我预计，除了解决圣地朝圣在十三世纪如何变化的问题外，这个项目还将产生一个宝贵的资源，对历史、考古学、艺术和建筑史以及宗教研究领域的研究人员有用。