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Cultural Geographies of Counter-Diasporic Migation: The Second Generation Returns 'Home'

反流散移民的文化地理学：第二代回归“家乡”

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E50860X/1
负责人：
Russell King
金额：
$ 42.88万
依托单位：
University of Sussex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE50860X%2F1
关键词：
Cultural Geographies Counter Diasporic Migation

项目摘要

Within migration and diaspora studies, the second generation has unusually complex and ambiguous views of home, Identity and 'where they belong'. Moreover, their connection to the 'homeland' - where their parents were born and lived before they emigrated - has been little researched. Now, demographic data from various parts of the world with a history of postwar mass emigration (such as Greece and Cyprus) show that second-generation return is a growing phenomenon. This project, built around a comparative study of returning Greek-Americans, Greek-Germans and British-born Greek Cypriots, will shed new light on how diasporas, migration and identities are conceptualised and understood. Another Important context is the 'migration reversal' of Greece and Cyprus: from mass emigration in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s (Greece mainly to North America and Germany, Cyprus mainly to the UK), to mass immigration since the 1980s (from Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia). This confronts the returning second generation with a dramatically changing homeland. Our research questions include: How are images of the 'homeland' constructed and passed on to the second generation in the diaspora? What is the role of short 'home-country" visits in the learning process about the homeland and its potential selection as a 'place to be'? How do the returnees react to the discovery that the 'pure' Greece (or Cyprus) of their received memory (from parents' stories, holiday visits etc.) has been fundamentally altered by globalisation and mass immigration in recent years? To what extent is the very notion of diaspora transformed by the return of the second generation as a 'counter-diaspora' - reversing the 'scattering'? How does the second generation's return change the meaning and boundaries of their identities: their sense of 'who they are' and of where 'home' is? Aims, objectives and methods The overarching research aim is to explore the second generation's return and their complex and ambivalent identities and views of home. Specific objectives include: Comparative analysis of second-generation 'home-comings' of three instructively-chosen groups; Understanding how identities and belonging are contested and performed in private and public settings; Methodological innovation in the rigorous collection of oral and written personal narratives. The research is multi-sited and multi-method. Following a life-story approach, we will collect 90 narrative accounts, 30 in each group, during fieldwork in Greece and Cyprus. In addition, we will interview ethnic community leaders and key informants, both in the places of return and in selected 'source' migration sites (London, New York, Berlin). Focus-group discussions amongst second-generation members will be conducted in each of these three latter places in order to explore the images and experiences of the ancestral home. Participant observation, field notes, Internet discussions, and video, photographic and audio recordings will supplement the above data collection methods. Potential applications and benefits The research will be pioneering in that it will be: One of the first to address the counter-diasporic phenomenon of second-generation return; Unique in its investigation of the 'migrant encounter* between the returning second generation and new immigrants; Methodologically Innovative in Its combination of data collection techniques; Engaging with the migrants studied by incorporating them as active participants in the research process, and discussing findings with them, as well as with academic audiences. Our interdisciplinary pluri-method approach thus has an exemplary function - to demonstrate how to carry out certain kinds of research with migrants. And, beyond the Greek and Cyprus cases, it has potential applications in other areas of significant past emigration and current return, such as other Southern European countries. North Africa, the Caribbean etc.

在移民和侨民研究中，第二代人对家园、身份和他们所属的地方有着异常复杂和模棱两可的观点。此外，他们与他们父母移民前出生和生活的故乡之间的联系很少被研究。现在，世界上有战后大规模移民历史的各个地区(如希腊和塞浦路斯)的人口数据显示，第二代人回归是一个日益严重的现象。这个项目围绕着对回国的希腊裔美国人、希腊裔德国人和英国出生的希腊族塞浦路斯人的比较研究，将为如何概念化和理解散居海外的人、移民和身份认同提供新的线索。另一个重要背景是希腊和塞浦路斯的“移民逆转”：从20世纪50年代、60年代和70年代的大规模移民(希腊主要移民到北美和德国，塞浦路斯主要移民到英国)，到20世纪80年代以来的大规模移民(来自东欧、中东、非洲和亚洲)。这让归来的第二代人面临着一个戏剧性变化的祖国。我们的研究问题包括：“家园”的形象是如何构建并传承给散居海外的第二代的？短期的“故乡”访问在了解祖国及其可能被选为“目的地”的过程中起到了什么作用？当归国的人发现希腊(或塞浦路斯)对他们的记忆(来自父母的故事、假期访问等)是“纯粹的”时，他们会作何反应？近年来全球化和大规模移民已经从根本上改变了吗？第二代人的回归在多大程度上改变了流散人口的概念--扭转了“分散”的局面？第二代人的回归如何改变了他们身份的意义和界限：他们对“他们是谁”和“家”在哪里的感觉？目的、目标和方法研究的主要目的是探索第二代人的回归以及他们复杂而矛盾的家庭身份和观点。具体目标包括：对三个经过教学选择的群体的第二代“返乡”进行比较分析；了解身份和归属感是如何在私下和公共环境中竞争和表现的；在严格收集口头和书面个人叙述方面的方法创新。研究是多点、多方法的。按照生活故事的方法，我们将收集90个叙述性的描述，每组30个，在希腊和塞浦路斯的实地考察期间。此外，我们将在回返地和选定的“源”移民地点(伦敦、纽约、柏林)采访族裔社区领导人和主要线人。第二代成员的焦点小组讨论将分别在这三个地方进行，以探索祖屋的形象和体验。参与者观察、实地笔记、互联网讨论以及视频、照片和音频记录将补充上述数据收集方法。这项研究的潜在应用和益处将是开创性的，因为它将是第一批解决第二代回返的反海外移民现象的研究之一；在调查返回的第二代与新移民之间的“移民遭遇”方面具有独到之处；在数据收集技术的组合方面具有方法创新；通过将移民纳入研究过程的积极参与者，并与他们以及学术受众讨论结果，与被研究的移民进行接触。因此，我们的跨学科多方法方法具有示范作用--演示如何对移民进行某些类型的研究。而且，除了希腊和塞浦路斯的案例外，它还可能应用于过去大量移民和当前回归的其他领域，例如其他南欧国家。北非、加勒比海等。